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Back国庆假期健康提示:防范食源性、呼吸道、蚊媒传染病及慢性病管理
国庆假期健康提示:防范食源性、呼吸道、蚊媒传染病及慢性病管理
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

国庆假期健康提示:防范食源性、呼吸道、蚊媒传染病及慢性病管理

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国庆假期前夕,中国疾控中心发布健康提醒,提醒公众注意食源性疾病、呼吸道传染病、蚊媒传染病等健康风险,并针对慢性病患者提供出行用药、防护及就医建议,强调带状疱疹等疾病的早期识别和黄金72小时治疗原则。

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Why It Matters

国庆假期即将来临,人员流动和聚集增加,中国疾控中心发布健康提示,提醒公众注意食源性疾病、呼吸道传染病、蚊媒传染病等健康风险。

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国庆假期即将来临,人员流动和聚集明显增加,中国疾控中心近日发布提示,提醒公众假期出行要注意食源性疾病、呼吸道传染病、蚊媒传染病等健康风险。

注意食源性疾病 蚊媒传染病等健康风险

食源性疾病诺如病毒胃肠炎,主要通过被污染饮食、接触污染物品、环境等方式传播。旅行团中常有聚集性疫情发生,常见症状有恶心、呕吐、腹痛和腹泻。主要预防措施包括:保持手部清洁卫生,不喝生水,食物烧熟煮透等。假期聚餐,在外就餐增多,食物中毒风险也相应增加,建议大家不吃来历不明的食物,不采摘和食用不熟悉的野生蘑菇及野生植物。

假期车站、景区等人群密集场所流感等呼吸道传染病风险相应增加。建议大家咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾、毛巾或肘部遮挡口鼻,有呼吸道症状者,建议在人群密集场所佩戴口罩。老年人、婴幼儿、孕产妇等感染后重症风险高的人群,建议接种流感疫苗。

入秋之后部分地区蚊虫数量减少,但在气温较高、降雨较多的秦岭淮河以南地区,蚊虫还较活跃。防蚊灭蚊是预防登革热、基孔肯雅热等蚊媒传染病最重要的措施,建议大家出行前要了解目的地相关疾病的流行情况,提前准备相应的防护用品,外出尽量穿浅色长袖长裤,皮肤暴露部位使用合格驱蚊产品。

中国疾控中心假期前夕更新了埃博拉病毒病防控提示:近期,从刚果(金)来(返)华人员,自入境之日起,进行21天自我健康监测。如出现发热、乏力、头痛、咽喉痛、呕吐、腹泻、不明原因出血等症状,要及时就医。就医前,请电话联系当地疾控中心或社区卫生服务中心,在专业指导下就医。如自行前往就医的,尽量不乘坐公共交通,做好个人防护,避免与他人肢体接触。

慢病人群出行 仅带足药还不够

对于患有高血压、糖尿病等慢性病的中老年群体,假期作息紊乱、旅途劳累、饮食油腻等因素,极易造成血压、血糖波动,诱发急性加重和其他感染性疾病。中国疾控中心等单位假期前发布了中老年人秋季出行健康手册,提醒大家,假期出游除了带足平时吃的慢性病药物,还要做好这些准备。

北京大学第一医院内分泌科主任医师 郭晓蕙:出行之前,自己做到心中有数,提前查血糖、血压。一些血糖特别不稳定的人,最好带上血糖仪,如果有小巧的血压计也可以带上,可以监测血压的变化,尤其观察活动量增大之后血压的变化。一些糖尿病人有神经病变、血管病变,所以鞋一定要舒适,要穿袜子不要光脚,因为光脚容易把脚磨破,好多糖尿病足就是从一个磨破的小伤口发现的。

假期出游最大的健康隐患就是擅自停药、漏药、换药,极易引发慢病反弹、急症突发。专家明确,高血压、降糖、降脂、抗凝、平喘等慢病药物不可自行中断、减量或更换。冠心病患者务必随身携带硝酸甘油等急救药品,糖尿病患者常备糖果、饼干,以备低血糖突发时应急。

国庆期间昼夜温差加大、南北气候差异明显,气温起伏易刺激血管收缩诱发疾病,出行建议根据目的地天气提前备好衣物,遵循“洋葱式穿衣”原则,重点保护头颈、腰腹、关节部位,防止受凉诱发咳喘、血压波动。

北京大学第一医院内分泌科主任医师 郭晓蕙:饮用水要特别充分,每天出门之前要把路上喝的水准备充足。有的时候爬山、长时间户外,没有卖水的地方,所以自己一定要准备一瓶水。优先买水喝,到了比较荒凉的地方,提前准备的那瓶水就很重要。

突然疼痛 抓住黄金72小时及时就医

另外,中老年慢性病患者劳累后免疫力下降,又加上国庆假期正值换季,很容易引发带状疱疹。出行健康手册专门提醒中老年慢病患者,不要误以为带状疱疹只是皮肤起疱,早期往往只表现为疼痛,容易与疲劳、肌肉疼痛等混淆耽误诊疗,要识别预警信号,尽早就诊。

中日友好医院疼痛科主任医师 樊碧发:从来没有出现过的疼痛突然降临,或者是过去肩膀阵痛突然加重,务必要高度警惕。比如说像刀割一样、火烧一样的或者撕裂一样的疼痛,一旦剧烈出现的话,要迅速就医。

带状疱疹由水痘-带状疱疹病毒再激活引起,病毒潜伏在人体神经节内,当免疫力下降时就会发作,多分布在胸背部、腰腹部、头面部单侧,一般不越过身体中线。患有高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等慢性病、50岁以上的中老年人,感染风险更高,也更容易造成长期的后遗神经痛。高风险人群除了提早接种疫苗预防,一旦出现相关症状,不要自行挑破水疱,最好在出疱72小时内及时就诊。

中日友好医院疼痛科主任医师 樊碧发:一些人不重视旅游过程中的病症,准备旅游结束再去医治。但我们有一个黄金72小时原则,一旦从出疱开始错过72小时的积极治疗,后续将会很麻烦。72小时之内进行抗病毒治疗、营养神经治疗、镇痛治疗、消除炎症的治疗,不仅病人好得快,而且对预防后遗症具有重要的意义。

Open Questions

  • 假期期间各地疾病监测数据如何?
  • 慢性病患者假期出行的实际依从率是多少?
  • 埃博拉病毒健康监测措施的执行情况如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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