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Back每天60起谋杀:南非暴力浪潮原因何在?
每天60起谋杀:南非暴力浪潮原因何在?
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德国之声2 hours agoCrime4 min readChinaView translation

每天60起谋杀:南非暴力浪潮原因何在?

开普敦市郊发生血腥抢劫杀人案,引发南非民众对新一轮暴力浪潮的担忧。专家指出,高失业率、仇外情绪、针对女性的暴力以及对执法力量的不信任是核心问题。

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南非开普敦近期发生血腥劫杀案,引发民众对新一轮暴力浪潮的担忧。尽管官方数据称谋杀率有所下降,但南非谋杀率仍居全球最高之列。专家指出,枪支泛滥、仇外情绪、针对女性的暴力、高青年失业率以及对司法和警察信任的严重缺失是深层原因。

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Why It Matters

种族隔离时期,非白人群体被赶往偏僻地区,帮派暴力长期根深蒂固。高失业率和腐败问题进一步加剧了社会的动荡与不安全感。

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9月底,开普敦市郊发生血腥的一幕:劫匪把一家小店洗劫一空,离开之前,近距离开枪杀害了躲在柜台后的店主。在南非其他地方,最新也发生类似事件,登上新闻。当地许多民众担心,这是否是该国又一轮暴力浪潮的开端。

南非安全研究所专家兰卡斯特(Lizette Lancaster)向DW表示,如今人们感到在这个国家生活不安全,并非毫无理由。

兰卡斯特说,在许多贫穷城区,居民时常听到枪声,特别是在周末,尤其是帮派犯罪严重的地区。

据最新官方数据,南非的谋杀率其实下降了5.9%,但平均每天仍有约60人被谋杀。综合分析显示,南非的谋杀率属于全球最高之列:世界银行根据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的数据分析认为,南非位列第七高。

政治学者指出,不断发生的枪击事件也与南非的仇外暴力有关。一些仇外组织一再呼吁对外国人采取行动,特别是来自其他非洲国家的移民。他们被当作南非社会问题的替罪羊,无论是高失业率、高犯罪率还是公共服务吃紧。

据媒体报道,过去20年,至少350名外国人因仇外暴力丧生。今年就已有11名外国人受到有针对性地攻击而死亡。

与此同时,针对女性的暴力也十分严重。2026年第一季度,警方记录在案的针对女性的暴力与谋杀案件总计50511起。

女性遭谋杀的比率在南非估计为每10万名女性有9人遇害。这是世界范围内平均水平的约五倍之高。

专家兰卡斯特还指出,对于司法部门以及警察的信任这些年来正严重下降。尽管南非有按人口计算相当大比例的警员人数,但据人文科学研究理事会调查,仅22%的民众对警察有信任。

兰卡斯特表示,媒体报道的一些新闻显示,司法机构受到犯罪网络的渗透,这很大地削弱了民众的信任感。过去十多年来,腐败的普遍存在让警方的执法能力也受到侵蚀。

分析认为,南非的暴力有深刻的历史根源。种族隔离时期,黑人以及其它非白人群体被赶逐离开家园,前往偏僻、未开发的地区。多年来,这些地区深受帮派暴力之苦。而对于年轻男性而言,参加帮派似乎能赋予他们一种认同感,并且很多人难有维生的手段。

南非的青年失业率相当高。据该国统计部门数据,34岁以下南非人近半数失业。这导致严重的沮丧和不满情绪。

不过,专家兰卡斯特呼吁,每个南非人均须承担起自己的一份责任,而政界更是责无旁贷。

Open Questions

  • 南非政府将采取何种具体措施应对当前的暴力浪潮?
  • 警方将如何恢复公众对其执法能力的信任?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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