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Back美陸軍也搞太空戰 「太空作戰兵科」首批600名未來擴編數千人
美陸軍也搞太空戰 「太空作戰兵科」首批600名未來擴編數千人
Developing
自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

美陸軍也搞太空戰 「太空作戰兵科」首批600名未來擴編數千人

Quick Look

美國陸軍於6月成立太空作戰兵科,10月1日首批600名士兵轉入新兵科,規劃未來擴編至數千人。除了整合衛星通訊、導航及飛彈預警,陸軍亦研究利用高度18至30公里的近太空高空氣球平台執行感測、通訊與無人系統發射任務,以補強太空軍能力並提升戰時通訊韌性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國陸軍於2024年6月正式成立太空作戰兵科,10月1日首批600名士兵轉入新兵科,未來規劃擴編至數千人。兵科人力主要來源於防空砲兵、通信及軍事情報單位。

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圖為美國陸軍低層防空反飛彈雷達系統。(DVIDS)

〔記者吳哲宇/綜合報導〕美國陸軍正加速擴大太空作戰能力,今年6月正式成立「太空作戰兵科」(Space Operations Branch),並於10月1日將首批600名士兵轉入新兵科,未來規劃擴編至數千名專業官兵。除了整合衛星通訊、導航及飛彈預警等任務,美軍也將目光轉向高度18至30公里的平流層,研究利用高空氣球及其他平台執行感測、通訊與無人系統發射任務。

軍聞網站《Air & Space Forces Magazine》報導,美國陸軍在華府舉行的美國陸軍協會(AUSA)年度會議期間,說明太空作戰兵科的擴編規劃。首批600名轉任士兵已重新分類為「40D戰術太空作戰專業士兵」,與原有的「40A太空作戰軍官」共同組成專業兵科。這些士兵過去主要來自防空砲兵、通信及軍事情報單位,並以臨時調派方式支援太空相關任務。

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美國陸軍太空優勢與高空轉型整合處處長莫羅什奇克上校(Joseph Mroszczyk)14日表示,自2012年以來,陸軍太空作戰專業人力已增加將近一倍,隨著新兵科成立,未來希望擁有數千名專職軍官及士兵,但尚未公布具體達成時間。

美國太空軍雖然已於2019年成立,但陸軍強調,雙方任務定位不同。太空軍主要負責維持軌道上的太空優勢,陸軍則著重將太空能力整合至地面部隊的戰術多領域作戰,包括導航、通訊、目標獲取及打擊支援。

美國陸軍太空暨飛彈防禦司令部司令拉弗蒂中將(John Rafferty)指出,隨著太空作戰需求增加,陸軍必須比照步兵、砲兵及航空兵等專業,建立完整的訓練、教育及人才管理制度,讓太空作戰兵科迅速專業化。

在部隊編制方面,美國陸軍10月8日才於科羅拉多州卡森堡成立第4支「多領域特遣隊」(MDTF),第5支則預計2028年成立。由於每支特遣隊都需要整合太空作戰能力,未來將進一步增加專業人員及系統需求。

此外,美國太平洋陸軍新成立的「戰區打擊群」,以及總部位於卡森堡、所屬單位分布6個國家的第1太空旅,也將成為太空能力擴充的重要單位。

值得注意的是,美國陸軍目前雖未公布自行部署衛星的計畫,卻積極研究在高度6萬至10萬英尺、約18至30公里的「近太空」區域,建立由高空氣球及其他平台組成的作戰架構。

拉弗蒂指出,平流層平台具有成本可負擔、容易擴充規模等優勢,可搭載多種任務酬載。莫羅什奇克則表示,這些平台除了執行感測及通訊任務,也能作為小型自主無人系統的發射平台。

此外,高空平台還可補充太空軍的資料傳輸架構,包括太空發展局的「分散式作戰人員太空架構」(PWSA)及太空資料網路,在戰時協助傳輸資料,並於衛星系統遭到攻擊時維持通訊韌性。

莫羅什奇克透露,美國陸軍正評估從小型高空載具到大型平流層氣球等不同方案,並計畫未來一年進行多項實驗,利用高空平台長時間滯空及廣域覆蓋特性,提供類似太空系統的作戰支援能力。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國陸軍將在未來一年進行多項高空平台實驗

    Likely · Within months

  • 第5支多領域特遣隊將於2028年成立

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 美國陸軍何時能達成數千名太空作戰專業人員的目標?
  • 近太空高空氣球平台的實驗時間表與具體技術方案是什麼?
  • 第5支多領域特遣隊預計2028年成立,是否會影響太空作戰兵科的人力分配?

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