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Back黃仁勳經營權脆弱 但這幾個大咖很難「被請出門」
黃仁勳經營權脆弱 但這幾個大咖很難「被請出門」
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自由时报52 minutes agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

黃仁勳經營權脆弱 但這幾個大咖很難「被請出門」

輝達創辦人被迫裸退,凸顯機構投資人在同股同權結構下的決定權;馬斯克力挺並以SpaceX同股不同權架構維持控制權

Quick Look

輝達創辦人黃仁勳捲入婚外情風暴,辭去總裁、執行長與董事職務等同裸退,馬斯克頻頻發聲力挺。文章分析輝達採同股同權,貝萊德、先鋒等機構投資人持股超過黃仁勳家族,因而無法保留創辦人;對比Meta與Alphabet採同股不同權,祖克柏與佩吉、布林透過超級投票權掌控公司。馬斯克則在特斯拉爭取投票控制權,SpaceX更設計同股不同權架構,掌握近78%投票權。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

輝達採同股同權結構,前五大股東中貝萊德持股約8%、先鋒集團約6.34%、富達約4.22%、道富集團約4.16%,黃仁勳家族約3.58%,加上主管與員工持股合計約4%。Meta與Alphabet採同股不同權,創辦人透過超級投票權維持控制權。馬斯克在特斯拉維持約13%至20%持股,SpaceX則掌握近78%投票控制權。

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輝達(NVIDIA)近來捲入桃色風暴,前執行長黃仁勳一口氣辭掉總裁、執行長與董事職務,等同「裸退」。為何創辦人且被視為「AI教父」的黃仁勳如此輕易被請出門,關鍵在於輝達「同股同權」的股權結構,而同列美股科技七巨頭(Magnificent Seven)的Meta、Alphabet(Google母公司)創辦人設計出「同股不同權」的經營權護城河,就沒這麼容易被請出門。

蘋果、微軟、亞馬遜與輝達等,都在2000年網路泡沫前上市,當時華爾街與機構投資人對「同股不同權」極度排斥。輝達前5股東中,貝萊德持股約8%、先鋒集團約6.34%、富達約4.22%、道富集團約4.16%,其次才是黃仁勳家族約3.58%,加上主管等員工持股,合計也僅約4%;就算他們捨不得黃仁勳,也是這些機構投資人說了才算!

Meta創辦人祖克柏與Alphabet的佩吉與布林,在上市時就設計「同股不同權」的投票權機制。以Meta為例,股票分為A股與B股,一般投資人在市場上買賣的A股是「一股一票」,但祖克柏手中持有的B股則是「一股十票」;這讓他就算多次賣股套現後,持股不到20%,卻能掌握逾半投票權。

Google的兩位創辦人也是一樣,就算早已交CEO大位而退居幕後,但憑藉著B股的超級投票權,無人可撼動公司根本決策,董事會根本無法將他們「請出門」。

特斯拉與輝達都屬於「同股同權」結構,但馬斯克深知股權就是話語權,他長期維持著特斯拉約13%至20%的關鍵持股比例(加計選擇權獎勵),甚至曾公開向董事會嗆聲,若無法獲得25%的投票控制權,他寧可將AI業務移出特斯拉。

經歷特斯拉同股同權的拉鋸後,馬斯克一手創辦的SpaceX,就學聰明了,明確設計「同股不同權」架構,透過超級投票權的特殊股份,馬斯克掌控高達近78%的投票控制權,徹底將SpaceX的命運與自己的意志牢牢綁定。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 輝達將宣布新任執行長與總裁人選

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 馬斯克將繼續公開發聲支持黃仁勳

    Possible · Within days

Open Questions

  • 黃仁勳婚外情風暴的具體細節與證據
  • 黃仁勳辭職是否為自願或被董事會要求
  • 輝達未來誰將接任執行長與總裁職務
  • 馬斯克力挺黃仁勳的具體發聲內容與時間

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