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Back美台觀測站》美期中選舉對台灣影響解析
美台觀測站》美期中選舉對台灣影響解析
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自由时报33 minutes agoPolitics6 min readChinaView translation

美台觀測站》美期中選舉對台灣影響解析

美國台灣觀測站分析新一屆國會成員變動對台灣議題的潛在影響與布局策略

Quick Look

美國期中選舉後國會面臨世代交替,多位資深挺台議員離任。本文分析新任議員對台立場、進步派外交觀點差異,以及台灣在避免雙重課稅法案等議題上的國會布局策略。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國國會正經歷期中選舉後的世代交替,多位長期支持台灣的議員離任或退休。台灣需與新一代國會議員建立聯繫,以延續跨黨派支持。

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目前的119屆國會裡,台灣連線是國會中規模最大的跨黨派國家議題連線之一,本屆(120屆)新進的議員的動向也會持續關注。

▍國會挺台議員動向

美期中選舉後,國會世代交替,對台灣影響解析。此次在搖擺州中離開國會的台灣連線議員包括: 德州參議員 John Cornyn (在初選決選就敗給Ken Paxton)、阿拉斯加參議員Dan Sullivan(尚未完全確定,但有可能)、緬因參議員Susan Collins、紐約州眾議員Mike Lawler、賓州眾議員Brian Fitzpatrick、維吉尼亞共和黨籍眾議員Rob Wittman(今年 1月又提出跨黨派的PORCUPINE 法案,把台灣列為「NATO-plus」國家以加快軍售)、亞利桑那眾議員 Andy Biggs角逐州長失利、威斯康辛共和黨眾議員Tom Tiffany,亦角逐州長失利。愛荷華參議員Joni Ernst則是退休而離開國會。上述皆為共和黨。

所幸,Sherrod Brown 和同州眾議員 Marcy Kaptur 兩人皆順利勝選。由眾議員轉戰參議員的肯塔基州台灣連線共和黨人 Andy Barr,也成功拿下參議院席次。此外,積極推動加速對台軍售、深化美歐台安全合作等法案的共和黨內布拉斯加州參議員 Pete Ricketts,也成功連任。然而,面對多位台灣連線成員離開國會或退休,台灣仍需要積極接觸新一代國會議員,延續並拓展跨黨派支持。

這次有新增一位總共選出三位台美人議員:兒科醫師、前加州州參議員Richard Pan(潘君達)在加州首次進入聯邦國會,競選網站有發表聲明表示,若進入國會,將致力於強化台美夥伴關係,維護台海和平與穩定。出生於台灣的Ted Lieu(劉雲平)在加州連任眾議員;台灣移民家庭出身的Grace Meng(孟昭文)則在紐約州成功連任眾議員。Ted Lieu和Grace Meng都是國會台灣連線的民主黨成員,Ted Lieu在國會有多項支持台灣法案的紀錄,2026年6月接待立法院長韓國瑜訪美期間,公開批評川普政府延遲對台軍售,要求讓軍售案繼續推進。

▍新世代進步派的外交觀點

即使在新一代進步派之中,也存在一些有趣的對比。例如Abdul El-Sayed主張維持戰略模糊,卻也同時肯定台灣的未來應由台灣人民以民主方式決定。這與Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez(AOC) 形成對比。AOC雖主張以人權為核心的外交政策,也強調避免台海衝突的重要性,但在慕尼黑安全會議討論此議題時,明顯未提美國可以採取哪些實質作為來反制中國的人權侵害或支持台灣的自決權。

這顯示那些不符合傳統「國會台灣倡議者」形象的政治人物,尤其是不屬於新保守派或新自由派外交政策圈的人,即使整體外交觀點與前輩不同,仍可能願意接納台灣的自決。同時,自認為進步派或主張以價值為基礎的外交,也不一定就會明確承認台灣的民主主體性。

▍美國政治代表更加多元

這次選舉也寫下多項歷史紀錄,讓美國政治代表更加多元。國會方面,Chris Pappas成為全美首位公開出櫃的男同志參議員,Peggy Flanagan成為首位原住民女性參議員,Abdul El-Sayed則成為首位穆斯林裔參議員。州長方面,Keisha Lance Bottoms成為首位非裔女性州長,Deb Haaland成為首位原住民女性州長,Gina Hinojosa成為德州首位拉丁裔女性州長,Xavier Becerra成為近151年來加州首位拉丁裔州長,Marsha Blackburn則成為田奈西州首位女性州長。非裔候選人的突破也橫跨兩黨,Byron Donalds與 David Crowley分別成為佛羅里達州及威斯康辛州首位非裔州長。此外Hakeem Jeffries則有望成為美國首位非裔眾議院議長。

▍對台立場與國會議程影響

台灣人公共事務會的政策暨倡議組副主任Henry Tsai表示,「確實,國會正在世代交替,許多長年的台灣支持者退休或卸任,但我認為我們不能就此斷定新一屆國會對以價值為基礎的挺台論述會比較不買單。」

「首先,我們目前其實還不知道新國會會如何看待台灣。有幾位民選議員過去一直強烈支持台灣的民主與自決,而不只是從美中戰略競爭與國家安全的角度看台灣。比如即將重返參議院的Sherrod Brown,他是國會台灣連線的共同創辦人之一,也公開支持太陽花運動。另一位值得一提的是Chris Pappas,他在眾院共同主導《台灣代表處法》(Taiwan Representative Office Act),並將進入參議院接替外交委員會民主黨首席議員Jeanne Shaheen。」

綜觀目前勝選的新生代議員,多數對國際議題尚未有著墨。而由於此次勝選者多是被視為意識偏進步派,在國際議題上多強調外交優先、減少軍事干預者;不過在此次選舉中可觀察到,進步派中也存在差異。換言之,未來進步派是否會出現更多元的外交路線,為需觀察重點。

此外,此次民主黨多數席次夠高,可能削弱黨內進步派的議價力,也讓溫和派更有空間投反對票。例如2019年民主黨奪回眾院時,黨內「Squad」聲量雖大,議程主要仍由領導層與溫和派主導,反例則為2021到2022年民主黨眾院僅有些微多數席次,以致進步派可以基礎建設法案與社福法案綁在一起,拖延基礎建設法案的表決。當前台灣與抗中在國會擁有跨黨派共識,而由專業議員與溫和派主導對台灣有利,相關議程也較不易被黨內激進派因綑綁他案而拖慢。

▍台灣如何布局

而台灣目前最期待可盡快通過的,即是已等待多時且擁有跨黨派共識的避免雙重課稅法案(Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation)。當議事有機會更順暢的進行,可能有助於該法盡快找到合適的載體或通過方式。

在國會的脈絡下,我們很難將「基於價值」與「基於安全」的挺台論述截然二分。歷來許多議員都把台灣的民主與安全視為相互依存、彼此強化的關係,認為維護台灣的民主本身,就是美國國家安全利益的一部分。

因此,真正值得關注的問題,未必是新一屆國會是否會降低對「價值」的接受度,而是新一代挺台議員將如何重新詮釋台灣民主與安全的重要性,並與台灣的科技能力做連結,尤其是在晶片、科技與AI等議題,在形塑台灣整體論述中扮演愈來愈重要的角色。如何在國會新一輪世代交替與人事重組中,延續台灣過去累積的支持基礎,並發展符合當前局勢的論述與戰略利基,已是台灣當前的重要課題。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 推動避免雙重課稅法案

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新一屆國會對台灣議題的具體優先順序為何?
  • 進步派議員在外交政策上的分歧將如何影響對台法案?

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