
内蒙古通辽作为黄金玉米带核心区,在今年遭遇严重伏旱的情况下实现整建制“吨粮田”目标。面对丰产后的成本上升与价格波动考验,当地正通过推广粮食产后服务、烘干仓储建设及“五代”服务破解农户增产不增收的难题。
AI-generated summary
通辽地处世界黄金玉米带,2025年示范区平均亩产达1018.25公斤,率先实现整建制“吨粮田”。
中新网通辽10月11日电 题:黄金玉米带的新考题:“吨粮田”之后,如何把丰产变成丰收
中新网记者 刘文华
“寒露”已至,地处北纬43度世界“黄金玉米带”的内蒙古通辽,收割机陆续开进连片的玉米田。
通辽是全国4个产粮超200亿斤的地级市之一。2025年,当地208万亩示范区平均亩产达1018.25公斤,在全国粮食主产区中率先在200万亩规模上实现整建制“吨粮田”。今年,这块样板要过两道关:盛夏的严重伏旱,以及丰产之后面临的增收考验。
伏旱之下守住吨粮底线
“伏天连续40天没有有效降雨,机电井一天都没闲着。”科尔沁左翼中旗花吐古拉镇种粮大户刘大鹏说。他流转种植玉米4800多亩,还带动周边8个合作社耕种4.2万多亩。
干旱推高了抽水的电费和人工支出,但产量底线守住了。刘大鹏介绍,各合作社亩产多在1900斤到2200斤之间。“吨粮是底线。今年虽然旱,但光照和积温足,水肥调控跟得上。”
大旱之年稳住收成,靠的是整建制推进的科技集成。通辽市农牧局四级调研员、种植业管理科科长殷凤珍介绍,针对北方春玉米种植密度偏低的瓶颈,通辽与中国农科院李少昆专家团队合作,推广玉米密植精准调控高产技术,今年推广面积达1354万亩。当地通过“宽窄行80+40厘米”配置科学增密,亩保苗稳定在5000至6000株,亩均收获穗数由常规的4000穗提升至5000穗左右。
通辽市农牧业发展中心副主任王静表示,北方春玉米增产靠的是良种、良法、良机配套和整片落地。依托滴灌水肥一体化,当地水分利用效率提高25至30个百分点,肥料利用率提高10至15个百分点,亩均增产100斤以上,干旱年份有效压降了水肥成本。全市主要农作物耕种收综合机械化率达91.8%。
丰产之后的市场考验
刘大鹏算了一笔账:今年地租从每亩800元左右涨到900多元,加上抗旱的人工和电费,成本明显抬升。开秤初期玉米价格走低,当地大型深加工企业干粮挂牌价按14%水分折算约每吨2100元,低于去年同期。部分小粮库收购时还存在压低水分、折价收粮的现象。
更突出的矛盾在产后环节。今年秋收前期气温偏暖,部分晚熟品种含水率偏高,直收的湿玉米如果烘干跟不上,极易发热霉变。“我们没有烘干塔和仓储,湿粮只能尽快出手,在价格和水分上都很被动。价格一旦下行,农户就可能增产不增收。”
多方发力破解“产后受制”
针对上述考验,通辽市拿出了自己的方案。
通辽市粮食和物资储备局党组书记、局长王宗华介绍,通辽正在转变粮食收储方式,推广代清理、代干燥、代储存、代加工、代销售的“五代”服务和玉米籽粒直收模式,持续整治“地趴粮”。目前,全市常态化经营的粮食企业超过350家,日烘干能力超过13万吨,已建成粮食产后服务中心116家,着力解决霉变导致质量下降、被动折价的问题。
在减灾兜底方面,通辽建立了农牧、财政、气象、金融、保险等部门协同联动机制,从气象预警、查灾定损到保险理赔全链条贯通,减轻种粮主体因灾受到的损失。
大户们也在主动破局。刘大鹏正与周边合作社商议,联合组建农事服务中心或合作联社,争取产后烘干仓储项目;下一产季还计划尝试用玉米期货做套期保值。“不求卖到最高价,只求锁定合理的利润区间。”
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
通辽将持续推广玉米籽粒直收模式与烘干仓储服务
Likely · Within months
On October 10, the online theme publicity and interactive guidance activity of the ideological and political course "Youth Chapter, Strengthening Agriculture and Serving the Country" directed by the Network Communication Bureau of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission was launched at Shandong Agricultural University. The event showcases Shandong’s practice of Chinese-style agricultural and rural modernization through centuries-old agricultural science stories, display of scientific and technological achievements and sharing of youth models, emphasizing the mission of youth to strengthen agriculture and the responsibility of rural revitalization in the new era.

Thailand's government has proposed a draft bill to impose export duties on durians, a major cash crop, to fund research and sustainable development in the sector, with analysts warning the move could raise prices for the fruit in China, its primary market, with suggested duties as high as 2 baht per kilogram.
The autumn harvest across the country has reached its peak, and as of October 10, the autumn grain harvest has exceeded 50%. Suihua, Heilongjiang and other places use technologies such as greenhouse seedlings and dense planting to increase yields. Shandong promotes high-yielding and dense-tolerant corn varieties. Xun County, Henan, arranges 1,000-acre demonstration plots to increase corn yields. Chongqing, Gansu and other places invest in hilly and mountainous tractors. Changji, Xinjiang uses domestic hybrid tractors to reduce fuel consumption. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs dispatched a working group to guide the production of "Sanqiu" in 12 key provinces.
my country's autumn grain harvest progress has exceeded 40%. Various regions have greatly improved harvesting efficiency and land protection levels by promoting technologies such as smart agricultural machinery, cross-regional operations, and straw return. The popularization of the smart agriculture model not only reduces food loss, but also ensures farmers' income through order planting and consolidates the foundation of food security.

A new robot designed to assist with wheat breeding has made its public debut at a recent seminar in China, offering an alternative to manual field assessments.
In response to the problem of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River irrigation area, Helan County in Ningxia has vigorously promoted the "rice-fish integrated planting and breeding" and "fishing to control alkali" models. Through three-dimensional circulation planting, the soil structure is improved, and the saline-alkali barren land is turned into a fertile land rich in rice and fish fertilizer, which increases the income of farmers and provides a reference example for ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin.