
《法兰克福汇报》与《南德意志报》评论分析欧中贸易摩擦及欧盟内部改革挑战
欧盟贸易专员谢夫乔维奇在北京进行贸易谈判,欧盟拟引入可将特定国家排除出共同市场的“经济核弹”机制。德媒评论认为,欧盟虽展现强硬姿态,但内部改革滞后及对华依赖仍是制约其竞争力的关键因素。
AI-generated summary
欧盟正面临对华贸易逆差扩大及关键原材料供应不稳定的挑战。德法两国提出新提案,旨在赋予欧盟限制特定国家进入共同市场的权力。
(德国之声中文网)《法兰克福汇报》评论指出,正在北京进行的欧中贸易谈判的气氛想必不会轻松,因为这一次欧盟贸易事务专员谢夫乔维奇(Maros Sefcovic) 带来了“重型武器”。德法提案一旦获得通过,欧盟今后将拥有必要时可将特定国家排除出欧盟共同市场的“经济核弹”。这篇题为《欧中谈判:立场强硬 底气不足》的评论写道:
“如果仅以紧张来形容当前中国同世界其他地区的贸易关系,显然是在轻描淡写:中国的廉价产品正在洗劫全球市场。中国政府对这些商品提供的补贴,约占中国国民生产总值的4.4%。正如本报专栏作者兰德威尔所描述的那样,生产这些产品的是一支饱受剥削的大约三亿人的产业大军。面对这样的产品价格,任何民主国家都无法与之竞争。今年七月,欧盟同中国的贸易逆差已经增加至360亿欧元,相当于每天都超过十亿欧元。
与此同时,对于事关生存的关键原材料,北京却在随心所欲地时而叫停出口,时而又予以放行。一旦这类原材料断供,西方的生产即刻就会陷入停顿。”
《法兰克福汇报》的评论指出,中国带给全球贸易的冲击,远比特朗普的关税政策更为沉重。特朗普的关税大棒难以持久,但‘中国冲击’却难以在中短期内消失:
“因为要想缓解‘中国冲击’,中国必须先解决自身的问题:提振内需、加强社会保障以及清理房地产市场,凡此种种,都需要耗费漫长的时间。谢夫乔维奇应在北京谨言慎行,不要公开划出红线。否则,欧盟就必须在十月十五日的峰会付诸行动,发布限制措施。或许欧盟新近表现出的强硬姿态,就已足以迫使北京做出让步。但设身处地从北京的角度来看,他们并没有太多理由采取这样的步骤。
亮出威慑武器,或许是立足国际市场的途径之一。但另外的途径则是通过改革强化自身。德拉吉当初为欧盟提出的改革建议的绝大部分,本应在明年年底前落实完毕。但截至今年七月底,落实率还不到16%。法国即将举行的大选以及德国紧张的内政局势,都为欧盟的改革步骤增添了变数。北京对欧盟的困难心知肚明,因此,即便谢夫乔维奇手里有了新武器,他的谈判处境也不容乐观。”
“欧洲准备回击了”
《南德意志报》评论写道,默茨终于在对华贸易政策问题上趋于强硬了,这无疑是件好事,但单凭强硬立场,并不足以赢得同中国的竞争:
“当某个贸易伙伴依仗自身政治或经济实力,胁迫欧盟或其单一成员国时,布鲁塞尔今后应当具备这样的能力:按下‘核按钮’,立即切断相关国家进入欧盟统一市场的渠道。这款武器威力可观,毕竟中国无法舍弃欧洲这一销售市场。如果欧盟不想继续任人蹂躏,就应当敢于亮出这张‘特朗普王牌’,并在必要情况下打出这张牌。值得一提的是,面对特朗普,欧盟也应如此。
不过,当默茨在抱怨中国巨大的贸易顺差时,难免有些讽刺意味。国际舞台上,这类抱怨由来已久,只不过当年的抱怨对象并不是中华人民共和国,而是德意志联邦共和国。过去二十年以来,柏林的当政者一直对这类抱怨充耳不闻,而是寄希望于它总有一天会销声匿迹。现如今,德国总理似乎已经意识到,外国购买力消化本国过剩产能的策略并非长远之计。
既然如此,对北京的强硬路线要想奏效,那么,德国政府也需要提振德国的私人消费。德国政府还需要改善企业的生产条件,包括降低税率、稳定社会福利支出、减少官僚障碍等等。仅凭收紧权力博弈的缰绳显然是不够的。
欧洲也必须正视来自中国的经济挑战:德国总理默茨和法国总统马克龙在通过对华政策立场文件的同时,还希望放宽对燃油车的限制,而不是全心全意地去追随全球的电动车大趋势。只要这种状况不改变,欧盟无论出台多少保护措施,都难以避免在竞争中败给中国。”
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
欧盟可能在10月15日峰会上讨论并发布对华贸易限制措施。
Possible · Within weeks

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