
习近平访美与特朗普会晤,双方强调个人关系友好,但在人工智能、台湾、伊朗等关键议题上未见实质政策进展,仅延长贸易休战协议两个月。
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特朗普与习近平此次会晤发生在中美紧张关系背景下,涉及贸易、台湾、人工智能等多个敏感议题。
中国国家主席习近平的此次国事访问不乏隆重的礼遇与客套的言辞,但在当今时代一些最为紧迫的议题上——如人工智能、台湾前景以及伊朗战争——却鲜有实质性的政策宣布。
至少在公开场合,特朗普总统似乎更专注于履行东道主之谊,而非向其地缘政治对手发起挑战。
在白宫与习近平茶叙时,特朗普称此次峰会“非常成功”,并表示这两个超级大国已取得“巨大跨越”。习近平则表示,他与特朗普“丰富了”两国关系的“内涵”。
然而,除了盛大的排场之外,在历时近两天的会谈之后,这两位全球最大经济体兼人工智能超级大国的领导人几乎未能拿出任何实质成果。
特朗普过去利用与中国领导人的会晤来庆祝大额商业订单(如采购大豆和波音飞机)的日子已一去不复返。取而代之的是,他极力强调自己与习近平相处融洽,仿佛这能成为挡箭牌,规避外界对中国企业向伊朗提供卫星图像协助其在该地区发动袭击、中国核武器计划迅猛扩张以及中国在南海的领土主张等问题的质疑。
“特朗普日益将美中关系的宏大挑战简化为其与习近平个人关系这一狭义问题,”拜登政府时期国家安全委员会前中国事务主任、现哥伦比亚大学研究学者朱利安·格维茨表示。“对于北京试图将眼下的局势稳定转化为未来对美国政策的钳制,他似乎要么浑然不知,要么漠不关心。”
特朗普陪同中国领导人参观了白宫直升机停机坪和宴会厅的施工现场。在美国科技巨头品尝海鲈鱼之际,他向习近平赠送了一尊白头鹰雕像。甚至在白宫投放由纳税人资助的广告谴责共产主义的同时,特朗普还陪同中国领导人参观了国家档案馆,观看了美国民主的立国文献。
在很大程度上,特朗普与习近平之间的这场峰会值得关注之处更多在于双方似乎刻意回避详述的内容,而非他们实际公布的成果。
当然,美国政府可能会在未来几天公布一些进展。当被问及此次访问是否产生了更多政策成果时,白宫建议媒体参考特朗普发表的一条社交媒体动态。在该贴文中,特朗普将这次访问描述为“展现友谊、实力与成功之旅”。“许多工作已经完成,更多成果在后头,”特朗普在未提供具体细节的情况下如是说道。
特朗普的幕僚与支持者指出,私交是他开展对华外交策略的核心关键。
双方确实同意短暂延长2025年10月在韩国会晤期间达成的贸易休战协议。该协议曾在一定程度上缓解了不断升温的经济对抗;在对抗期间,特朗普一度加征高达145%的关税,而习近平则暂停了绝大多数关键矿物与磁体的出口。
这项原定于11月到期的协议获展期两个月。特朗普声称他与习近平的沟通也将“对广大农民大有裨益”,但双方均未透露任何细节。两国领导人上次会晤时,中国曾同意大幅增加对美农产品的采购,但几乎没有迹象表明北京兑现了承诺。
尽管在此前的夏季中,AI智能体曾突破测试“沙盒”并自主发起网络攻击且掩盖踪迹,但本次会晤并未就如何约束人工智能出台新举措。早在习近平抵达前数小时,特朗普便通过社交平台发文打断了该议题的讨论,声称人工智能“固然是重要议题,但我希望维持现状”,并补充称“这也是中国的立场”。
然而中国领导人在开场致辞中,强调了对AI智能体保持“人类控制”的必要性,而这一话题正是特朗普所刻意回避的。双方是否在闭门会谈中深入探讨了该议题,目前仍不得而知。
双方关于台湾问题的会谈同样笼罩在迷雾之中。特朗普在5月访华归程中曾向媒体表示,他在咨询台湾“领导人”(推测指赖清德)后,将很快就对台新军售案作出决定。此种协商本会违背处理该岛屿领土(中国声明拥有其主权)的交往惯例,且并无证据表明此类协商确实发生过。特朗普也始终未公开任何决定。
根据中方发布的会谈通稿,习近平敦促特朗普明确反对“台独”。(为了引导舆论叙事,中方几乎在会后第一时间发布了其版本的会谈情况。)
特朗普似乎并未做出任何承诺。美国驻华大使庞德伟(David Purdue)向CNBC表示,本届政府在台湾问题上的既定政策并未发生改变。
康奈尔大学关注美中关系与亚洲安全的教授艾伦·R·卡尔森指出,特朗普显然拒绝默许习近平在台湾问题上的诉求,这可被视为“对美国的国际威望以及台湾方面的利好消息”。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美方将在未来几天内就对台军售政策发表声明
Likely · Within days
中美将继续通过低层级渠道讨论人工智能治理问题
Possible · Within months

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