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Back海弓三型艦載防空飛彈性能優異卻無艦可裝 陷入技術過關缺戰艦窘境
海弓三型艦載防空飛彈性能優異卻無艦可裝 陷入技術過關缺戰艦窘境
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自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

海弓三型艦載防空飛彈性能優異卻無艦可裝 陷入技術過關缺戰艦窘境

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中科院自主研發的海弓三型艦載防空飛彈射程達200公里、速度超過4馬赫,性能壓倒現役標準二型飛彈,但因海軍造艦政策轉變,原定4500噸級新一代飛彈巡防艦改建為2500噸級輕型巡防艦,導致海弓三因體積過大無法安裝於現役或在建小型艦艇,目前僅能等待未來7000噸級『戟海計畫』主力戰艦建成後方能裝備,海軍暫時維持標準二型飛彈延壽。

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Why It Matters

海弓三型是由陸基天弓三型防空飛彈改裝而來的艦載防空飛彈,射程達200公里、速度超過4馬赫,具備主動雷達導引技術,性能優於現役標準二型飛彈。海軍原計畫以245億元台幣建造一艘4500噸級新一代飛彈巡防艦原型艦以裝備海弓三,但後來因台海威脅需求改為建造兩艘2500噸級輕型巡防艦,導致海弓三無法安裝於現役或在建小型艦艇。

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海弓三型是由陸基的天弓三型防空飛彈改裝而來,其最大作戰射程達到200公里,最高飛行速度更超過4馬赫。圖為空軍防空部隊在本月精準彈藥射擊操中,射擊天弓三型飛彈。(圖:軍聞社提供)

〔記者羅添斌/台北報導〕中科院自主研發的「海弓三型」艦載防空飛彈,連同使用國造華陽垂直發射系統發射已通過作戰測評,優異的攔截性能能有效反制共軍的飛彈及戰機威脅。然而,這款被譽為守護台海領空的新一代利器,目前卻陷入了「技術完全過關,卻苦無軍艦可以安裝」的尷尬處境。由於海軍近年重大造艦計畫臨時更迭,導致這款威力強大的國產飛彈面臨有彈、有垂直發射管,卻找不到主力戰艦出海服役的窘境。

海弓三型是由陸基的天弓三型防空飛彈改裝而來,其最大作戰射程達到200公里,最高飛行速度更超過4馬赫。相較之下,我國海軍現役基隆級驅逐艦所配備的美製標準二型(SM-2)飛彈,射程僅有160公里,速度約為2.5馬赫。海弓三不僅在射程上比標準二型多出整整40公里的防衛縱深,更具備跨世代的「主動雷達導引」技術,發射後飛彈會自己鎖定目標,不需要像標準二型那樣高度依賴軍艦照射雷達的指揮,大幅提升了海上抗飽和攻擊的戰力。

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中科院自主研發的「海弓三型」艦載防空飛彈,連同使用國造華陽垂直發射系統發射已通過作戰測評。圖為中科院先前發布「海劍二型飛彈影片」,內容包含垂直發射測試過程。(擷取自中科院影片)

既然性能全面壓倒現役的標準二型飛彈,為何海弓三至今遲遲無法進入大批量產?退役海軍將領今天分析指出,最核心的原因就出在海軍造艦建案的政策轉變。原本海軍編列了245億元台幣的預算,計畫建造一艘4500噸級的「新一代飛彈巡防艦」原型艦,並預計將海弓三與華陽垂直發射系統裝在這艘軍艦上。但由於台海威脅不對稱作戰的需求日益迫切,海軍隨後更改了規劃,將這筆245億元台幣的預算全部挪去優先建造2艘2500噸級的「新一代輕型巡防艦」。

他表示,這項建案的「大車變小車」,直接導致了海弓三的部署危機。因為海弓三防空飛彈的體積和重量相對龐大,現役的成功級與康定級軍艦以及正在建造的輕型巡防艦,其艦艏甲板空間與彈艙深度根本裝不下它。為了適應小噸位軍艦,海軍目前在康定級升級案與新輕型巡防艦上,只能退而求其次,在垂直發射管中裝填體積較小、單管能塞進4枚的「海劍二」中程防空飛彈,這讓原本備受期待、能進行遠程攔截的海弓三,暫時失去了登艦的戰術舞台。

國軍在多年前「台北國際航太暨國防工業展」展示新一代飛彈巡防艦模型,但事隔多年之後,構型與設計應還再做調整。(資料照,記者方賓照攝)

不過,海弓三的量產之路並未就此斷絕。海軍已於今年正式啟動排水量高達7000噸級的「戟海計畫」新一代主力作戰艦設計招標,這艘號稱「台灣小神盾」的全新巨艦,已經在規格中明確要求必須配備高達64管的華陽垂直發射系統。軍方預期,等到這艘具備足夠噸位與空間的大型戰艦正式開工,中科院就會隨之重啟海弓三的生產線。在未來新戰艦成軍之前,海軍只能一邊靠著砸下32.78億元台幣(約合1.02億美元)進行標準二型飛彈的維護延壽,一邊耐心等待這款國產最強防空飛彈真正迎來大展身手的那一天。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 海弓三型飛彈將在戟海計畫新一代主力戰艦建成後重啟生產線並裝備服役

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 海弓三型何時能進入大批量生產?
  • 戟海計畫新一代主力戰艦預計何時開工與成軍?
  • 海軍是否會考慮對現役艦艇進行改裝以適應海弓三型飛彈?

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