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Back建照未過期不代表可合法使用,須取得使用執照才能合法入住或營業
建照未過期不代表可合法使用,須取得使用執照才能合法入住或營業
Developing
自由时报59 minutes agoReal_estate2 min readChinaView translation

建照未過期不代表可合法使用,須取得使用執照才能合法入住或營業

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苗栗縣政府工商發展處提醒民眾,建造執照(建照)僅代表施工許可,即使有效期限內或因政策展延,也不等於建築物合法完工;僅取得使用執照(使照)後,才能辦理所有權登記、申請水電及合法使用,擅自改建仍屬違規。

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Why It Matters

苗栗縣政府因營建業缺工、缺料及融資環境變化,於今年2月公告全縣有效的建造執照及雜項執照建築期限自動展延2年,但強調此僅延長施工期限,不代表完工或可取代使用執照。

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建照未過期限,房子仍不能合法使用。(資料照)

買房、蓋房時常聽到「建照」、「使照」,但兩者到底差在哪裡?如果建造執照還沒過期,房子是不是就代表可以合法使用?苗栗縣政府工商發展處提醒,建造執照就算仍在有效期限內,甚至因政策展延建築期限,也只代表施工期限延長,並不等於建築物已經合法完工,更不能當成使用執照。建築物完工後,仍須依法申請並取得使用執照,才能合法使用。

工商發展處處長詹彩蘋表示,依《建築法》規定,建築執照包括建造執照、雜項執照、使用執照及拆除執照4種,其中最容易讓民眾搞混的,就是「建造執照」與「使用執照」,兩者用途及法律效力並不相同。

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簡單來說,「建造執照」就是俗稱的「建照」,是建築物在新建、增建、改建或修建前,由主管建築機關核准的施工許可;「使用執照」則是俗稱的「使照」,建築物完工後,經竣工查驗確認符合核准圖說及相關法令規定,才由主管建築機關核發,作為合法使用的證明。

也就是說,拿到建照不代表房子已經完工,更不代表可以直接合法使用。一般新建建築物取得建造執照後,還須依法申報開工,並依規定辦理各樓層施工勘驗;工程在核定期限內完工後,起造人還要會同承造人及監造人申請竣工查驗,經審查符合規定後,才能核發使用執照。

使用執照對民眾而言也相當重要。建築物取得使用執照後,才能依法辦理建物所有權第一次登記、營業登記,並據以向台灣自來水公司及台灣電力公司申請正式接用水電。因此,建造執照代表的是「可以施工」,使用執照才是完成法定程序、可以合法使用的重要證明。

值得注意的是,苗栗縣政府因應近期營建業缺工、缺料及融資環境變化等影響,已於今年2月公告,全縣有效的建造執照及雜項執照,建築期限統一自動展延2年。不過,縣府強調,這項措施只是延長施工期限,並不代表工程已經完工,也不能取代使用執照,民眾及業者仍應區分兩者差異。

另外,房屋即使已經取得使用執照,也不代表之後可以自行改建。使用管理科提醒,近年部分建築物取得使用執照後,又擅自增建、改建或進行「二次施工」,造成實際使用情形與原核准圖說不符。縣府已啟動不定期稽查,如查獲違規,將依法要求限期改善、恢復原狀,並視違規情節列管或執行強制拆除。

詹彩蘋呼籲,民眾不要看到建造執照「還在有效期限內」,就以為房屋已經可以合法使用,也不要在取得使用執照後擅自增建或改建,以免原本合法的建築物因違規施工而衍生公共安全疑慮及法律責任。

民眾如果對房屋的建照、使照狀態或申辦流程有疑問,可至苗栗縣政府工商發展處全球資訊網查詢,或撥打1999縣民服務熱線,轉接工商發展處建築管理科洽詢,也可親至服務櫃檯詢問。

Open Questions

  • 此次建照展延政策是否適用於所有類型的建築案件?
  • 縣府未來是否會加強對已展延建照案件的施工進度追蹤?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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