
瑞典皇家科學院宣布將2026年諾貝爾物理學獎頒給比利時出生的美國籍粒子物理學家哈爾森(Francis Halzen),以表彰他在冰立方微中子天文台的關鍵貢獻及發現天體物理起源的高能微中子。現年82歲的哈爾森於1988年提出在南極冰層捕捉微中子的構想,領導建造冰立方天文台,成功捕捉被稱為「太空幽靈使者」的微中子,為探索遙遠宇宙提供新視野。諾貝爾獎委員會主席盛讚其堅持與科學遠見,哈爾森則表示榮耀歸功於國際團隊,並指出目前有更現實的問題需處理。
AI-generated summary
微中子是極難察覺的基本粒子,可穿透地球與人體而不被感覺。科學家早知宇宙存在天然粒子加速器,但極高能量的微中子極為罕見。微中子在抵達地球時可保留原始資訊,因此能提供其他方法無法取得的宇宙奧秘。
瑞典皇家科學院六日宣布,將二〇二六年諾貝爾物理學獎頒給比利時出生的美國籍粒子物理學家哈爾森(Francis Halzen),以表彰他對「冰立方微中子天文台(IceCube Neutrino Observatory)的關鍵貢獻,以及發現天文物理起源的高能微中子」。
現年八十二歲的哈爾森,他的研究成功捕捉了被稱為「太空幽靈使者」(ghostly messengers from space)的微中子(neutrino),為人類探索遙遠宇宙提供全新視野。
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瑞典皇家科學院在新聞稿中指出,微中子無所不在,卻極難察覺;它們可輕易穿透整個地球與人體,不會改變方向也不會損失能量,人們對此毫無感覺。
科學家早已知曉,宇宙中存在天然粒子加速器,但極高能量的微中子非常罕見。不同於其他粒子,微中子在抵達地球時可保留原始資訊,意味著它們可提供其他方法無法取得的宇宙奧秘。
成功捕捉太空幽靈使者
哈爾森在一九八八年率先提出在南極冰層捕捉微中子的構想。他發現,當微中子在極少數情況下與原子核發生碰撞時,會產生一道閃光。而南極不受干擾且地質穩定,正是裝設感測器、追蹤這些閃光的絕佳環境。
在他的領導下,涵蓋一立方公里冰層、配備光感測器的「冰立方微中子天文台」,於二〇一一年完工。研究人員隨後發現第一批高能微中子,幾年後更發表研究成果,證實這些微中子必定來自太陽系以外的遙遠區域,尋找宇宙微中子起源的工作,就此正式展開。
諾貝爾物理學獎委員會主席皮爾斯(Mark Pearce)盛讚:「哈爾森帶領由國際研究人員與工程師組成的團隊,為我們提供卓越的儀器。他的堅持與科學遠見,為新型態的天文學鋪路。」
哈爾森在義大利透過電話連線坦言:「這是一個大驚喜,我顯然沒有預料到。」哈爾森表示,這份榮耀應歸功於在計畫初期就勇敢加入的國際團隊夥伴。針對外界好奇微中子是否可用來接收外星文明的訊息,哈爾森承認,確實有人推測這是與外星人交流的理想方式,但他不會朝此方向發展,「我們目前有足夠多現實的問題需要處理。」
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
冰立方微中子天文台將在未來數年內發表更多關於高能微中子來源的研究成果
Likely · Within years
國際合作在極地科學觀測項目中的參與度將進一步提升
Possible · Within years

American scholar Halson won this year's Nobel Prize in Physics for his work capturing cosmic neutrinos in the Antarctic ice. The Institute of Physics of Academia Sinica collaborated with his team to develop open source software to assist in data analysis. Taiwanese experts said that the research will help solve the mystery of the origin of the universe, and emphasized that it was not easy to build an observatory in Antarctica and that Halson was humble enough to share the results.

Researchers in China have created STERS, a light-triggered hydrogel that uses liquid metal particles to undergo self-sustaining structural changes. The material is designed to evolve alongside living tissue for potential use in robotics and biomedicine.

Francis Halzen of the University of Wisconsin-Madison won the Nobel Prize in Physics for leading research at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica, revealing "ghost particles" and ushering in a new type of astronomy. The award is selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and carries a cash prize of 12 million Swedish kronor.

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics will be won by Belgian particle physicist Halzen in recognition of his contribution to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos originating from astrophysical processes. He will receive a prize of 12 million Swedish kronor. The award ceremony is scheduled to be held on December 10.

On October 6, local time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that it would award the 2026 Nobel Prize in Physics to Francis Halzen in recognition of his decisive contribution to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. This article also reviews the history of the Nobel Prize in Physics and its main achievements in recent years.

Francis Halzen has won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin.