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Back歷史的警示:從國共合作到藍白合作的權力博弈
歷史的警示:從國共合作到藍白合作的權力博弈
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自由时报6 hours agoOpinion3 min readChinaView translation

歷史的警示:從國共合作到藍白合作的權力博弈

百年後的政治困局:國民黨在尋求盟友時是否低估了合作對象的政治目的?

Quick Look

本文回顧一九二三年國共合作歷史,對比當前國民黨推動藍白合作及恢復國共交流的策略。作者提醒,政黨在尋求盟友以爭取執政時,常高估自身駕馭能力,並警告歷史教訓在於合作後誰改變了誰的權力消長。

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Why It Matters

一九二三年孫中山與蘇聯代表發表聯合宣言,開啟國共合作。該合作使中共得以擴大組織,最終於一九二七年破裂。

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一九二三年,革命領袖孫中山與蘇聯代表越飛發表聯合宣言;翌年中國國民黨改組,共產黨員以個人身分加入國民黨。對一再受挫的革命陣營而言,蘇聯援助與國共合作,是重整組織、建立軍事力量、對抗軍閥的現實選擇。這場合作也深刻改變國共兩黨,最後在一九二七年破裂,雙方走向長期衝突。

把一九四九年中國共產黨取得政權全部歸因於孫中山,史實上站不住腳。中共後來的勝利還牽涉抗戰、內戰、國民政府治理及國際局勢等多重因素。然而,第一次國共合作確實讓原本規模很小的中共有機會進入更大的政治組織、參與群眾動員;國共雙方也都在合作期間擴大自身力量。這段經驗說明:政治合作從來不是單方面使用別人。

一百多年後,場景已完全不同,權力誘惑卻有熟悉之處。中國國民黨主席鄭麗文今年公開把藍白合作與二○二八年政黨輪替相連,七月全代會更宣示與台灣民眾黨全面展開政策與選舉合作。另一方面,國民黨四月恢復中斷十年的國共高層交流,鄭麗文赴中與中共總書記習近平會面。

藍白合作是民主制度內的政黨競合,國共交流則涉及另一個層次。北京至今公開宣示追求統一,並不承諾放棄使用武力。當國民黨一面以藍白合作爭取重返中央執政,一面把恢復國共交流作為兩岸和平方案,它就必須回答:當北京的統一目標沒有改變,國共交流如何避免台灣內部的政黨競爭被北京轉化為自己的政治利益?

歷史不會原樣複製。今天的台灣有民主選舉與政黨輪替,和軍閥割據年代不可相比。但政黨在困局中尋找盟友時,很容易高估自己駕馭合作的能力,低估合作對象也有自己的目的。

一百年前,國民黨在革命困境中選擇聯俄容共;一百年後,國民黨把二○二八年政黨輪替列為藍白合作目標,又重新打開國共高層交流。歷史留下的警告很簡單:只計算眼前誰能幫自己贏,往往會忘了合作之後,究竟誰改變了誰。

Open Questions

  • 國共交流如何避免台灣政黨競爭被北京轉化為政治利益?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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