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The Keio Medical Prize is an award given to researchers who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of medicine and life sciences.
Keio University announced on the 18th that it has selected Professor Seiji Ogawa (64) of Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Professor Ulrich Hartl (69) of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry as this year's recipients of the Keio Medical Prize, which is given to researchers who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of medicine and life sciences. The two will each receive a prize of 10 million yen.
Dr. Ogawa uses genome analysis to examine genetic information to discover genetic abnormalities related to the development of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and other diseases. In recent years, he has focused on the fact that the number of cells with mutations increases with age, and has clarified the process by which normal cells become cancerous. The results have led to the classification of cancer, prediction of prognosis, and development of treatments.
Dr. Hartl elucidated the mechanism by which the three-dimensional structures necessary for proteins to function normally are created within cells. They demonstrated that substances called ``molecular chaperones'' regulate this shape, and the results contributed to drug discovery research for neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases.

During the extended mission of the asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, the only ion engine (B) that was operating normally broke down. JAXA's policy is to continue operation through "cross operation," which combines normal parts from different engines, with the aim of reaching the destination in 2031.

A research team from Syracuse University and other institutions announced in the American journal Science that they have discovered a new species of single-celled amoeba that grows at temperatures as high as 63 degrees Celsius in California's Lassen Volcanic National Park. This is the highest growth temperature ever recorded for a eukaryotic organism with a cell nucleus.

Stone tools believed to be the oldest in Japan were discovered in 2024 at the Yoshiwa-no-Kan Ruins in Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, and excavations are continuing led by Sadakatsu Kunitake, a senior researcher at the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. The stone tool, called a point tool, was found to be 42,300 years old by radiocarbon dating, which could be about 5,000 years earlier than the conventional time that humans arrived in the archipelago. Many citizens visit the public exhibition, which leads to the development of related products and regional revitalization.

An international research team including Brazil's Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed the DNA of jaguar cats from across South America and discovered that a group living in the forests of Bolivia is a new species. Its build is similar to that of a domestic cat, and it was named ``Tilkayo'' after the local name. The tilcayo is estimated to have separated from its ancestors such as the jaguar cat about 1.4 million years ago, and it has been discovered that there is a population in Peru that may be a new subspecies. The species is at risk of extinction due to deforestation and poaching, and it is pointed out that accurate classification of the species will help in its conservation and breeding.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions announced that they analyzed carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in the tooth enamel of a Tyrannosaurus rex excavated in Montana and estimated that the animal's body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius. This is the first concrete estimate of body temperature that supports the idea that dinosaurs were at least partially homeothermic rather than poikilothermic.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions analyzed a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil unearthed in Montana and measured carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in tooth enamel to estimate body temperature. The researchers found that their body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius, similar to that of humans, suggesting that at least some dinosaurs may have been homeothermic like mammals.