
慶応大は、今年の慶応医学賞受賞者に京都大の小川誠司教授と独マックス・プランク生化学研究所のウルリッヒ・ハートル教授を選出したと発表した。小川氏はがんの遺伝子異常解明、ハートル氏は分子シャペロンの機能解明で評価された。
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慶応医学賞は、医学や生命科学分野で顕著な業績を挙げた研究者に贈られる賞である。
慶応大は18日、医学や生命科学分野で顕著な業績を挙げた研究者に贈る慶応医学賞の今年の受賞者に、京都大医学研究科の小川誠司教授(64)と、独マックス・プランク生化学研究所のウルリッヒ・ハートル教授(69)を選んだと発表した。2人にはそれぞれ賞金1000万円が贈られる。
小川氏は、遺伝情報を調べるゲノム解析を駆使し、白血病や悪性リンパ腫などの発症に関わる遺伝子異常を発見。近年は、加齢に伴い変異を持つ細胞が増えることにも着目し、正常な細胞ががんに至る過程を明らかにした。成果はがんの分類や予後予測、治療法の開発につながった。
ハートル氏は、たんぱく質が正常に働くために必要な立体構造が、細胞内で作られる仕組みを解明。「分子シャペロン」と呼ばれる物質がこの形を整えることを実証し、成果は神経変性疾患などの創薬研究に貢献した。

During the extended mission of the asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, the only ion engine (B) that was operating normally broke down. JAXA's policy is to continue operation through "cross operation," which combines normal parts from different engines, with the aim of reaching the destination in 2031.

A research team from Syracuse University and other institutions announced in the American journal Science that they have discovered a new species of single-celled amoeba that grows at temperatures as high as 63 degrees Celsius in California's Lassen Volcanic National Park. This is the highest growth temperature ever recorded for a eukaryotic organism with a cell nucleus.

Stone tools believed to be the oldest in Japan were discovered in 2024 at the Yoshiwa-no-Kan Ruins in Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, and excavations are continuing led by Sadakatsu Kunitake, a senior researcher at the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. The stone tool, called a point tool, was found to be 42,300 years old by radiocarbon dating, which could be about 5,000 years earlier than the conventional time that humans arrived in the archipelago. Many citizens visit the public exhibition, which leads to the development of related products and regional revitalization.

An international research team including Brazil's Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed the DNA of jaguar cats from across South America and discovered that a group living in the forests of Bolivia is a new species. Its build is similar to that of a domestic cat, and it was named ``Tilkayo'' after the local name. The tilcayo is estimated to have separated from its ancestors such as the jaguar cat about 1.4 million years ago, and it has been discovered that there is a population in Peru that may be a new subspecies. The species is at risk of extinction due to deforestation and poaching, and it is pointed out that accurate classification of the species will help in its conservation and breeding.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions announced that they analyzed carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in the tooth enamel of a Tyrannosaurus rex excavated in Montana and estimated that the animal's body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius. This is the first concrete estimate of body temperature that supports the idea that dinosaurs were at least partially homeothermic rather than poikilothermic.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions analyzed a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil unearthed in Montana and measured carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in tooth enamel to estimate body temperature. The researchers found that their body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius, similar to that of humans, suggesting that at least some dinosaurs may have been homeothermic like mammals.