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Back中国鸡蛋价格持续上涨,供需双因素推动涨幅
中国鸡蛋价格持续上涨,供需双因素推动涨幅
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

中国鸡蛋价格持续上涨,供需双因素推动涨幅

Quick Look

近期中国鸡蛋价格显著上涨,9月第3周全国平均价达11.83元/千克,同比涨28.2%。涨价主要由供应端产能调减、饲料成本上升及消费端中秋国庆备货需求增加共同驱动。尽管价格上升,但鸡蛋仍属刚需,对日常消费影响有限,市场预计节后将出现季节性回调。

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Why It Matters

中国是全球最大鸡蛋生产国,2025年人均占有量21.5千克,高于世界平均水平87%。近期受供应端产能调减、“歇伏期”及消费端中秋国庆备货需求增加影响,鸡蛋价格上涨。

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中国是全球最大的鸡蛋生产国,近期国内蛋价上涨明显——

双节市场问蛋价

孔德晨 刘钰婷

一斤涨两三毛,一箱涨二三十元,一车货多付上千元——最近,鸡蛋价格持续上涨。农业农村部最新监测数据显示,9月第3周全国鸡蛋平均价格11.83元/千克,同比上涨28.2%。批发端同样高位运行,北京新发地市场9月18日鸡蛋批发平均价较去年同期上涨近五成。蛋价上涨从何而来?对消费者影响几何?

消费者的菜篮子没太受影响:

“贵了,但没少吃”

“6.3元一斤,洋鸡蛋。”在北京一家菜市场,苏奶奶拎着刚称好的几个鸡蛋对记者说,“我不多买,一次买三五个。”

苏奶奶家就两口人。她记得清楚,一个月前鸡蛋还5元多一斤,3个月前4元多。“鸡蛋比猪肉还贵!猪肉批发才6.5元一斤,我那天零买鸡蛋还6块3呢。”她顿了顿又说,“不过鸡蛋天天都得吃,早起吃一个,做饭再炒点蛋,哪一天不吃?涨价也得买。一到过节就贵,我觉得也正常。”

在北京开网约车的邢师傅刚买了10元钱一斤的土鸡蛋。“这种土鸡蛋,春天那会儿六七块一斤,确实涨不少。”他说,价格虽然涨了,但算下来一颗土鸡蛋也就1元钱左右,不会影响日常购买。“我都是到大运河便民中心那边去买。那边菜价本身就高一点,但东西全,图个方便。有时候问问价,有时候就不问。”邢师傅说。

家住河南郑州的王女士更习惯线上买鸡蛋。一个星期前,她在家附近的好念头品牌用团购券买了一箱10斤装的鸡蛋,原价69.9元,优惠后57.6元。她翻出购买记录:一个月前同样一箱52元,三个月前45元。“鸡蛋花销占家里买菜总开销大概5%到7%。虽然单价涨了,但在日常支出中占比低,又属于刚需,不会影响购买。”王女士说,“听菜市场摊主讲,夏天高温,母鸡产蛋变少,产量下降;再加上临近中秋,月饼、糕点加工备货需求变大,饲料成本也高,这样蛋价才涨起来的。”

消费者的感受,数据上看得更清楚。农业农村部9月第3周监测显示,全国鸡蛋平均价格11.83元/千克,比前一周上涨1.5%,连续2周环比上涨,涨至近3年最高价。而从批发端看,9月第4周鸡蛋批发市场周均价每千克11.17元,同比高36.4%。

在超市端,盒马鲜生爱琴海购物公园店负责鸡蛋区域的黄大姐也感受到了变化。普通散装蛋价一直在涨,而品牌蛋定价相对固定。“黄天鹅没涨,一直这个价,叶黄素鲜鸡蛋也没大幅涨。”黄大姐说,最近销量上来,销售额有一定增长,因为品牌蛋定价固定,很多顾客还是愿意买品质高的。“中秋国庆备货比平常多约50%,最近走亲送礼的多,礼盒好卖。”

供给端的账本清晰:

“养鸡的少了,今年蛋价肯定高”

鸡蛋涨价的“种子”,早在去年就埋下了。

深夜一点,位于北京朝阳黑庄户地区的北京鲜活农产品流通中心灯火通明。养殖户王大姐已经站在档口前,身边码着一排排蛋箱。她家有10万只鸡、3栋鸡舍,同时在这里做鸡蛋发货。深夜1点到岗,是她多年的习惯。

“去年赔一年钱,养鸡的少了,今年肯定价高。”王大姐一边码蛋箱一边对记者说。她报出当天的批发价:洋鸡蛋225元一箱,土鸡蛋245元,贵20元钱,一箱360个。顿了顿,她又补了一句:“去年最低的时候,一箱100元左右,有的时候甚至几十块钱,40斤装的还不到100元。”

账本上的压力,不只是蛋价。王大姐说,去年饲料贵,今年相对来说便宜了些。“玉米去年一块三四一斤,今年一块一二,一斤差两毛钱。量上去了,差价就大了。”除了饲料,别的开销一样不少。她给记者算了一笔投入账:“我们家压着10万只鸡,3栋鸡舍的设备,投进去千八百万元,还不包括盖房子的费用。不是说搭个棚子就养鸡的,设备、电费都很贵,夏天的电费就要2万多元。鸡苗30来块一只,得养4个月。养鸡要一直喂饲料,鸡苗还可能会生病,实际养殖过程要3到5个月。去年饲料贵,养殖周期内一直在投入,全年都亏损。”

说到盈亏,王大姐的语气平静,但账算得清楚:“这鸡蛋现在卖4块钱一斤,养鸡还是不赚钱。去年一年蛋价都没超过4块。今年过完年,市场总算好点,挣一些钱,但也就是把去年亏的补上一点。”

走货节奏也在变。王大姐说,现在通常一两天进一次货,当天来的货不一定当天卖空。被问及节后蛋价还会不会涨,她摇摇头:“只能跟着感觉走。不是咱们说了算,是市场说了算。”

王大姐的账本,是过去一年蛋鸡养殖行业的一个缩影。2025年,蛋鸡养殖行业经历低谷。数据显示,2025年全年蛋鸡养殖只鸡亏损超过11元,是过去15年中亏损最严重的一年。禽蛋产量也从2024年的历史新高3588.5万吨高位回调至3498万吨,同比下降2.5%。

亏损的直接后果,是养殖户“不敢养了”。从去年10月到今年4月,鸡蛋市场供应连续7个月调减,鸡蛋产量累计降幅接近6%。由于去年补栏量少,今年新开产蛋鸡出现了明显的“空窗期”。

在流通环节,利润的流向并不复杂。新发地市场统计部经理刘通算了一笔账:新发地8月鸡蛋均价10.14元/千克,折算约5.07元一斤,比去年同期的3.38元涨了约1.7元。而从养殖端看,去年同期每斤鸡蛋亏损约0.5元,今年每斤盈利约1.2元——利润的摆动幅度恰好也是1.7元左右。“这一轮涨价的钱,主要填回了养殖端,中间环节并没有留多少。”

多方因素推高价格:

“价格波动是市场规律的正常表现”

中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所副研究员朱宁认为,本轮蛋价上涨是消费端与供应端共同作用的结果。当前正是鸡蛋消费的传统旺季,供应端则正处于产能调减叠加“歇伏期”。

看消费端,“暑期是餐饮消费旺季,食品加工厂还会为中秋、国庆提前备货。”朱宁说,“8月以来,全国鸡蛋市场正式进入备货旺季。食品厂采购量增加,部分贸易商在价格上涨后存在一定囤货行为,多方需求共同推动蛋价走高。”

看供给端,“批发市场上根本不缺鸡蛋。在蛋价上涨到极点的这几周,新发地市场鸡蛋的上市量环比明显增加,有一些养鸡场正在趁着蛋价高企的时机加大出货量。这说明供应端并非真正短缺,而是在价格上涨过程中养殖端加快了出货节奏。”刘通说。

国内市场蛋价上涨,西方一些媒体也跟着“操心”起来,用“10年新高”“令人痛苦”等字眼,让一些不了解情况的人误以为“中国人买不起鸡蛋”。

事实究竟如何?

先看基本盘。中国是全球最大的鸡蛋生产国,鸡蛋产量自1985年起一直居世界之首。2025年鸡蛋人均占有量21.5千克,比世界平均水平高出87%。2025年禽蛋出口量19.8万吨,较上年增长10.7%,出口目的地从2020年的36个增至73个。中国依托庞大的生产体量、高效的市场流通网络和充沛的供应弹性,稳稳托住十几亿人的菜篮子。

再看价格的实际感受。在一线城市,以北京和上海为例,9月下旬,北京鸡蛋均价5.11元/斤,上海鸡蛋均价5.09元/斤,主销区均价约5.10元/斤,一枚鸡蛋折合下来不到1元。苏奶奶买的洋鸡蛋6.3元一斤,一枚约7毛钱。邢师傅买的贵一些的土鸡蛋10元钱一斤,一枚约1元钱。这样的价格水平,与“难以接受”相去甚远。

更值得注意的是中国鸡蛋市场的自我调节能力。刘通指出,当前蛋价已处高位,新开产蛋鸡逐渐增多、供应趋于宽松,蛋价继续大幅上涨的空间有限。这说明价格信号正在有效引导供给端加快出货、恢复产能。

“跌得多,涨得也会多,要理性看待。”朱宁在回顾今年上半年蛋价走势时这样概括。他指出,8月份全国鸡蛋月均批发价比2021年至2023年同期都低,处于近5年同期中等水平,是鸡蛋供需偏紧的正常表现。价格波动是市场规律的正常表现,涨跌都反映着供需的真实变化。

对于后市,业内判断基本一致。朱宁认为,随着中秋过去、国庆临近,旺季需求逐渐接近尾声,节后鸡蛋现货价格存在季节性回调的可能。

“在农产品价格运行的过程中,有一条铁律,就是‘逢高必低,逢低必高’,按照近期市场销售的状况来看,这个高价恐怕难以支撑到国庆假期。”刘通认为,当前蛋价已处高位,新开产蛋鸡逐渐增多,供应趋于宽松,蛋价继续大幅上涨的空间有限。对于养殖场户而言,应把握好国庆节前的出货窗口,合理安排出栏节奏,避免过度惜售导致后期被动降价。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 国庆节后鸡蛋现货价格将出现季节性回调

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 节后鸡蛋价格回调的幅度和时间节点
  • 养殖户是否会因当前盈利扩大繁殖规模
  • 进出口政策对国内蛋价的潜在影响

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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