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Back舊金山和約75週年 姚嘉文:台灣主權未定,中共說法站不住腳
舊金山和約75週年 姚嘉文:台灣主權未定,中共說法站不住腳
Politics
自由时报1 hour agoPolitics2 min readChinaView translation

舊金山和約75週年 姚嘉文:台灣主權未定,中共說法站不住腳

台灣國家聯盟舉辦座談會探討台灣主權,姚嘉文指出舊金山和約未移交台灣主權,並批評中國曲解聯合國2758號決議文。

Quick Look

適逢「舊金山和約」簽署75週年,總統府資政姚嘉文在台灣國家聯盟舉辦的座談會上表示,當年和約僅載明日本放棄台澎主權而未移交特定國家,形成台灣地位未定。他批評中國以開羅宣言與聯合國2758號決議宣揚一中的說法在法律上站不住腳。

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Why It Matters

「舊金山和約」於1951年簽署,日本在條約中放棄對台灣及澎湖群島的一切權利與主張,但未明定主權歸屬。

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正值「舊金山和約」簽署75週年,總統府資政姚嘉文今(5)日表示,當年「舊金山和約」簽訂日本放棄台灣主權,並未移交予任何國家,導致台灣地位的未定,許多人都不熟悉這段歷史,若連台灣主權的法律基礎都搞不清楚,如何在國際上爭取地位?面對中國拿「開羅宣言」、聯合國2758號決議文宣揚「一中」,姚嘉文也直言,這些說法都站不住腳。

台灣國家聯盟今早舉辦「國際法之下台灣主權之捍衛座談會」,邀集學界、政界代表,從國際法、歷史與世代傳承的角度,探討台灣如何在國際法的基礎上,捍衛主權與未來。

姚嘉文指出,1895年「馬關條約」明確規定將台、澎的領有權割讓給日本,1951年「舊金山和約」則是載明日本放棄對台、澎的一切權利,但並未指名主權歸誰,導致各國出現不同解釋,甚至在國際法上引起爭端。有些人會說,1943年「開羅宣言」提到,台灣要歸還給中華民國,但「開羅宣言」在法律上一份意向書或公報,「舊金山和約」才是正式的國際條約。

姚嘉文提及,1951年簽署「舊金山和約」時,當時中國有兩個政府,國際上對於誰能代表中國有爭論,所以最後兩個都沒邀請參加締約,導致台灣主權在法律上處於懸空的狀態。另外,1950年韓戰爆發時,美國總統杜魯門曾聲明,「台灣地位未來必須由聯合國或對日和約來決定」,這就是「台灣地位未定論」的法律基礎。

然而,中國近年常以聯合國2758號決議強調「一中原則」。姚嘉文直言,「中共在法律邏輯上是站不住腳的」,1971年聯合國通過2758號決議,主要是決定驅逐蔣介石政權的代表權,改由中華人民繼承在聯合國的席位,其中完全未提及台灣是中華人民共和國的一部分。他強調,該決議文是處理「中國代表權」的問題,並非「台灣主權歸屬」問題。

「如果當時我們能以台灣名義留在聯合國,現在的情況會完全不同。」姚嘉文補充,其實當年外交部次長楊西崑曾建議,若想保衛中華民國及台灣人民的未來,應該宣布台灣跟中國政府完全分開,甚至把國名改為「中華台灣民主國」,考慮一中一台,但蔣介石堅持自己代表全中國,不承認北京政府,導致台灣退出聯合國,被楊西崑稱為「政治自殺」。

姚嘉文也說,現在很多考上台灣外交官的人都不知道「舊金山和約」對台灣的重要性,對這段歷史跟法律條文的理解非常模糊,這樣我們的外交政策要怎麼推展順利?這就是為什麼每年都有討論的必要性。他認為,教育部和學校應該把「舊金山和約」講清楚,因為它跟「馬關條約」一樣,是影響台灣前途的關鍵。

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  • 教育部是否會將舊金山和約納入課綱討論?

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