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Back《法兰克福汇报》:习近平在国际舆论中赢得优势
《法兰克福汇报》:习近平在国际舆论中赢得优势
Politics
德国之声1 hour agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

《法兰克福汇报》:习近平在国际舆论中赢得优势

特朗普任期内美国国际声望受损,皮尤研究中心调查显示习近平在多国信任度超过特朗普

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《法兰克福汇报》分析指出,特朗普任期内美国国际声望下降,中国领导人习近平通过塑造稳健形象,在皮尤研究中心调查的36个国家中,其信任度及中国的好感度在多数地区已超越美国及特朗普。

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Why It Matters

皮尤研究中心调查显示,在全球36个国家中,中国的好感度在特朗普任期内有所回升。同时,中美两国在人工智能发展监管及主导权问题上存在显著分歧。

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《法兰克福汇报》发表题为“习近平赢得了世界的心和头脑”的分析文章指出,特朗普任期尚未过半,已经让美国的国际声望严重受损。各国对美国的信任大打折扣,受益者是中国党和国家领导人习近平。

文章引用的美国皮尤研究中心在全球36个国家进行的一项调查显示,在多数国家,人们对中国的看法已经比美国更积极。原因之一是习近平希望表现得与特朗普不一样:

“自从特朗普上任以来,习近平所推行的一种公开政策,目的是增强人们对他本人和中国在世界舞台上的信心。尽管他回避使用西方‘基于规则的秩序’这一概念,但他谈到必须有‘一套规则’,并警告不应陷入‘丛林法则’。”

在探讨了“基于规则的(国际)秩序”的内涵到底是什么之后,作者接着写道,特朗普要充分利用国际社会这片“丛林”中的生存博弈谋取利益最大化:

“他并不在乎自己在国际舞台上的声誉。相比之下,习近平很显然正努力打造一位伟大的国家领导人的形象。而他对德黑兰或莫斯科​​方面侵略行径的支持则退居次要地位。这位共产党领导人显然正在塑造自己作为关怀地球未来的世界级政治家的形象。

他的成功印证了这一点:皮尤研究中心关于舆情变化的调查指出,‘尽管许多人对习近平仍缺乏信心,但积极的评价已变得更为普遍。总体而言,如今相信习近平能在全球事务中做出正确决策的人数,已超过了相信特朗普能做到这一点的人数。’

在一定程度上得益于特朗普的所作所为,中国得以在短短几年内扭转了国际形象。毕竟,在源自武汉的新冠疫情期间及之后,中国的全球声誉曾遭受重创。皮尤中心的研究人员早在7月就指出,当时人们对中国的好感度正徘徊在历史低点。现在五年过去了,正值特朗普的第二个任期,全球格局已然发生变化。不仅这个一党制国家的处境有所改善,其掌舵人的形象也随之好转:‘越来越多的人认为,习近平主席在国际舞台上的所作所为是正确的。’与欧洲和东亚的富裕国家相比,拉丁美洲、非洲以及南亚和东南亚部分地区的新兴经济体对中国的看法明显更为正面。‘在36个受访国家中,有25个国家对中国的看法比对美国更为正面;而在20个国家中,信任习近平的人数超过了信任特朗普的人数。’

不过,这一比较仍是相对的。“人们对特朗普和习近平的信任度总体上依然较低。在欧洲国家,对两人持正面评价的受访者均未占据多数,但习近平目前的形象在某种程度上比特朗普更为正面。”

美国多家IA巨头的领军人物呼吁放慢人工智能的发展速度,以便充分审视其安全风险,并呼吁政府加大对AI发展的监管。Anthropic总裁阿莫代强调,美国同时必须保持“相对于专制政权(尤其是中共)的领先优势”。《世界报》在线版关注了中国对这一提议的反应。

“中国批评了几位美国科技巨头关于人工智能走上危险发展以及中国进步可能对美国构成威胁的警告。外交部发言人郭家琨在北京表示,散播各种威胁叙事,搞对抗和恶意竞争,只会干扰人工智能全球治理进程,不符合任何一方利益;各方应该共同推动开放、包容的人工智能发展。”

文章接着指出,中国有自己雄心勃勃的人工智能发展计划:

“迄今为止,美国企业一直被视为人工智能领域的技术领跑者。然而,观察人士指出,中国的人工智能企业正在迅速追赶。全球两大经济体之间关于人工智能主导权的角逐早已展开。

《世界报》观察到,中国官方媒体《环球时报》将阿莫代周末提出的建议视为一种遏制中国的企图,称“文章暗藏大量针对中国的遏制条款,实质上是一出AI领域的‘冷战剧本’。”

Open Questions

  • 未来人工智能监管标准是否会达成国际共识?
  • 新兴经济体对华态度的转变是否具有长期稳定性?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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