
印尼苏门答腊岛森林大火导致PM2.5扩散至马来西亚和新加坡,吉隆坡、古晋和新加坡成为全球污染最严重城市,三国学校停课并启动烟霾应对措施,印尼禁烧并恢复泥炭地湿润,东盟国家互相支援但烟霾问题尚未纳入区域灾害机制。
AI-generated summary
印尼因种植高价值作物进行土地清理的烧芭行为屡禁不止,引发泥炭地火灾,季风将高浓度PM2.5扩散至马来半岛,影响马来西亚和新加坡空气质量。
中新网北京10月14日电 (魏之强)打开空气质量监测网站,用户会看到一个污染指数红得发紫的城市圈——吉隆坡、新加坡以及雅加达等主要城市都在其中。
当地时间10月13日,据IQAir空气质量监测榜单显示,全球主要城市中污染最严重的三个城市分别是马来西亚首都吉隆坡,砂拉越州首府古晋以及新加坡。在前五名中,新加坡,马来西亚和印度尼西亚更是占了4席。
这一地区的空气怎么了?答案要从印尼今年国内202000公顷被烧毁的热带森林说起。
烧芭烧出来的山火
因种植高价值作物而对土地进行清地的烧芭行为在印尼屡禁不止。这一行为引起的富有有机质的泥潭地火灾在季风的推动下,将高浓度的PM2.5细颗粒物由印尼扩散至马来半岛。
据新加坡《联合早报》报道,马来西亚仍有三个州、一个联邦直辖区和几个地区的学校停课。新加坡则于本周一开启烟霾津贴计划,距离上次启动已经有11年。
烟霾无形无界,却像一个绳索:一端系着环境污染问题,一端系着全球供应链问题。印度尼西亚看似是这次山火的直接责任方,但大型跨国企业的烧芭清地行为才是直接导“火”索。
烟雾笼罩着棕榈油产业
本次山火中心区之一苏门答腊岛就是全球棕榈油产业链的关键一环,印尼近七成的棕榈油产自这里。跨国油料企业追求利润和效率将林地付之一炬,却也造成了如今的山火乱象。
印尼内政部长迪托(Tito Karnavian)日前召开全国地方首长会议,要求所有地区在灾害紧急状态期间,严禁任何形式的烧芭行为,并指示各地领导人亲自下乡,将禁令传达给村民。
印尼政府也已暂停发放涉及约6600万公顷原始森林和泥炭地的新开垦许可证,并称已恢复416万公顷泥碳地的湿润状态,以减缓山火蔓延。
三国互助期望走出阴霾
危机之下,三国携手决定共克时艰。印尼外交部此前重申,将继续严格遵守《东盟跨境烟霾污染协定》,定期通报火灾数据及救援进展。
新加坡、马来西亚两国也已表态愿意提供灭火援助,印尼对此表示欢迎。据新加坡《联合早报》报道,东盟已建立对水灾和火山爆发等自然灾害的应对机制,而烟霾问题尚未涵盖在内。
但烟霾并不会因没有预案就停止扩散,马六甲海峡沿岸三国居民期待着一片蓝天。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
印尼将继续恢复泥炭地湿润状态以减缓山火蔓延
Likely · Within months
新加坡和马来西亚将提供灭火援助给印尼
Very likely · Within weeks
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