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Back中华人民共和国迎来77周年国庆 习近平谈台湾议题动向引关注
中华人民共和国迎来77周年国庆 习近平谈台湾议题动向引关注
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics8 min readChinaView translation

中华人民共和国迎来77周年国庆 习近平谈台湾议题动向引关注

习近平在国庆招待会上发表演说,强调坚决打击台独,同时特习会后美对台立场以及《旧金山和约》展示风波引发关注。

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中国迎来建国77周年国庆,国家主席习近平在招待会上发表谈话,强调坚决打击台独并推动祖国统一。此外,特习会后美国对台立场、美方据传因中国不满撤展《旧金山和约》等议题持续引发关注。

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Why It Matters

中华人民共和国迎来77周年国庆,习近平发表涉台及经济谈话。此前美中举行特习会,涉台议题与历史文件展示引发各界讨论。

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(德国之声中文网)週四(10月1日),中华人民共和国迎来建国77週年国庆。北京天安门广场依惯例举行升国旗仪式;前一天(9月30日)晚上在北京人民大会堂则举办了庆祝招待会,约有800名中外人士出席,中国国家主席习近平亦到场发表演说。

演说中,习近平称“为新中国取得的举世瞩目成就无比自豪,对中国式现代化的光明前景充满信心”。

经济方面,2026年正值中国第十五个五年规划、即“十五五”的“开局”之年;习近平称,今年中国上下奋力推动“十五五”规划,促使中国经济得以“顶压前行、向新向优、展现出强大韧性和活力”。

关注经济发展之余,习近平不忘提到台海两岸议题。习近平说,“要深化两岸交流合作,坚决打击台独分裂势力,反对外部势力干涉,推动两岸关系和平发展,推进祖国统一大业”。

比较上一次国庆招待会的演说,习近平提及两岸议题的措辞稍有不同。这两年,他一贯强调的是“深化两岸交流合作”;不过,他去年提到“台独”的时候是以“坚决反对”来表述,今年则直说要“坚决打击”。此外,他上次表示“坚决捍卫国家主权和领土完整”,这次则选择明言“和平统一”的企图。

特习会后 美对台立场受瞩

习近平上週才刚访美,在华府与美国总统特朗普举行今年第二场“特习会”。习近平称,中方希望美国“审慎处理台湾问题”,盼美方更明确表态“反对”台独。

美国官方长期以来的对台立场,是反对任何一方以武力片面改变现状,“不支持”台独,期盼台海两岸分歧以和平手段解决。特习会后,内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校政治系学者王宏恩在社群平台指,“美国这边对于台湾政策没有任何公开宣示或更动,从观察值来说是0”,但这背后涉及台湾外交官在美中外交体系之间的斡旋,“各种力量互相抵销后才得到这个0”。

此前,特朗普对台态度在台湾引发忧虑,担心他可能为维持跟中国关系稳定,而延宕对台军售。

美国去年底通过了约110亿美元的对台军售,是有史以来规模最大,但有另一批140亿美元的军售案迟迟未获特朗普批准;今年5月的北京特习会,特朗普受访时曾称对台军售是美中谈判“很好的筹码”。不过,美国驻中大使庞德伟(David Perdue)9月27日否认了特朗普“为安抚中国而延宕对台军售”的说法,称特朗普对台立场坚定,且其任内批准的对台军售额高于其他总统。

台湾政府还担忧,这次特习会显示美中历史叙事越来越靠近,恐怕不利于台湾。据路透社28日报道,习近平和特朗普提到“中国和美国是二战盟友”,这样的描述让台湾担心美方接受了北京的视角,可能减少对台军事支持。在台湾政府看来,“真正与美国并肩作战的是中华民国”,而非当时“七分发展、二分应付、一分抗日”的中共。

媒体:中国不满美展出《旧金山和约》

另一段官方未证实的插曲,则突显台湾仍是美中关系的敏感“红线”。美国全国公共广播电台(NPR)週二(9月29日)引述匿名的中国外交官消息指,习近平25日参访美国国家档案馆前,由于中方不满现场展示1951年的《旧金山和约》,美方临时撤除了这份文件;美国官员还透露,原本也预计展出《六项保证》和美中三个联合公报等其他跟台湾有关的文件,但最终没有这么做。

《旧金山和约》是二战结束后,包含美国在内的同盟国与日本签署的和平条约。一般解读,日本已在该和约内放弃对台湾的所有权利;然而,台湾后续究竟应归属于谁,各方认知存在落差。中华民国和中华人民共和国皆未签署此和约。

NPR报道引述布鲁金斯学会中国研究专家何瑞恩(Ryan Hass)观点指,《旧金山和约》留下“台湾地位未定”的空间,“中国不满这样的事实”。

中国官方经常引述其他历史文件来佐证自身主张,例如去年恰逢二战结束80週年,中国外交部选择在其国庆前夕发布关于联合国大会第2758号决议的立场文件,认为该决议“从政治上、法律上和程序上,干净彻底地解决了包括台湾在内全中国在联合国的代表权问题”。

然而,美国政界多次反驳了北京的论调:去年5月美国众院曾通过法案,主张联大2758号决议不涉及台湾主权;美国在台协会(AIT)同年9月亦曾发声明,强调无论是《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》或《旧金山和约》,“都没有决定台湾的最终政治地位”。

Open Questions

  • 美方未来对台军售是否会受到特习会影响?
  • 美中档案馆展品更动背后的确切外交交涉细节为何?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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