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Back德国联邦议院通过燃油减税法案,旨在缓解油价飙升压力
德国联邦议院通过燃油减税法案,旨在缓解油价飙升压力
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德国之声2 hours agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

德国联邦议院通过燃油减税法案,旨在缓解油价飙升压力

该法案将从10月起降低燃油能源税,预计整体纾困方案规模约25亿欧元

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德国联邦议院以434票赞成通过燃油减税法案,计划从10月至12月底降低柴油和汽油税收,每升燃油减税17欧分。该方案旨在应对油价飙升,但遭到绿党及环保组织批评,认为其缺乏针对性且不利于气候保护。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国春季曾实施为期两个月的燃油折扣,以应对伊朗战争导致的油价飙升。此次新法案旨在通过降低能源税,为民众日常生活提供即时缓解。

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(德国之声中文网)德国大联合政府提出一项法案,从今年10月到12月底,每升柴油和汽油的能源税降低14欧分,计入相应减免的增值税后,每升燃油总共减税17欧分。

在本周五(9月25日)德国联邦议院举行的记名投票中,562名议员中有434人对该法案投了赞成票,128人投了反对票。该法案现已通过快速程序提交联邦参议院表决,以确保补贴能于10月1日生效。

整体纾困方案规模约25亿欧元

该方案将导致国家损失25亿欧元的税收。由此产生的负担将由联邦政府和各州政府共同分担。为了缓解因伊朗战争导致油价飙升所带来的冲击,德国春季时已实施过为期两个月的“燃油折扣”。

基民盟财政政策专家斯特凡·科尔巴赫(Stefan Korbach)表示,高昂的燃油价格给普通家庭和企业都带来沉重负担,燃油补贴是“当前能迅速实施的最佳手段”,能产生“立竿见影”的效果,并有助于抑制通货膨胀。他也指出,尽管该措施仅是“权宜之计”,无法根除问题,但对于当前局势而言,它仍是最佳的可用手段。

在议会辩论中,社民党议会党团副主席阿尔芒·佐恩(Armand Zorn)称各方就该草案进行“艰难的讨论”,但鉴于柴油和汽油价格大幅飙升,实施“燃油折扣”的决定将为民众的日常生活提供即时缓解。执政联盟还就“燃油价格上限”达成了一致,旨在限制石油公司提价的空间。

绿党:“荒谬的解决方案”

绿党、左翼党和德国选择党等反对党对该法案提出了尖锐批评。绿党议会党团主席卡塔琳娜·德勒格(Katharina Dröge)将这一临时减税措施形容为“荒谬的解决方案”。她指出,此前5月和6月推出的“燃油折扣”就并未完全惠及消费者,且该措施的成本相当于联邦预算中一年内削减的所有家庭福利的总额。

专家批评该措施缺乏节油激励

此前,多个环保和社会组织已对这项燃油纾困措施表达了批评意见。德国经济研究所(DIW)的经济学家克劳迪娅·肯费特(Claudia Kemfert)称这是应对高能源价格的错误举措,并指出该措施针对性差、成本高昂,且无法鼓励人们节约燃油。肯费特认为,这实际上是在补贴对化石燃料的依赖,对于气候保护而言是“朝着错误方向迈出的一步”。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 燃油减税政策将于10月1日正式生效。

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 该措施是否能有效抑制通胀?
  • 燃油价格上限的具体实施机制为何?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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