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Back中国气象局:将形成有监测记录以来最强超强厄尔尼诺事件
中国气象局:将形成有监测记录以来最强超强厄尔尼诺事件
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中国新闻网6 hours agoScience4 min readChinaView translation

中国气象局:将形成有监测记录以来最强超强厄尔尼诺事件

国家气候中心主任巢清尘在10月新闻发布会上介绍厄尔尼诺最新监测及预测情况

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中国气象局举行10月新闻发布会宣布,当前厄尔尼诺正持续发展,预计将形成有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件,对我国秋冬季及明年春夏季气候产生显著影响。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国以中东太平洋关键海区海水表面温度指标作为厄尔尼诺相关判别依据,此前曾出现过三次超强厄尔尼诺事件。

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中国天气网讯 今天(9月29日)下午,中国气象局召开了10月新闻发布会。会上,中国气象局国家气候中心主任巢清尘介绍了厄尔尼诺的最新监测情况,其快速发展对我国今年汛期气候影响明显,中东部地区降水总体呈“南北多、中间少”格局,涝重于旱。当前厄尔尼诺仍继续发展,将形成一次有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件,并将对全球和我国今年秋冬季及明年春夏季气候产生影响。

我国以中东太平洋关键海区海水表面温度指标作为厄尔尼诺相关判别依据,当海表温度距平指数(某一时段平均气温与同期气候基准值的差值)连续3个月达到或超0.5℃时,表明已进入厄尔尼诺状态。若该状态持续5个月及以上,则判定为一次厄尔尼诺事件。厄尔尼诺事件强度可分为四个等级:弱事件(峰值≥0.5℃且<1.3℃)、中等事件(≥1.3℃且<2.0℃)、强事件(≥2.0℃且<2.5℃)和超强事件(≥2.5℃)。

厄尔尼诺快速发展 将形成一次有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件

根据国家气候中心监测,赤道中东太平洋已于2026年5月进入厄尔尼诺状态。其后海温指数继续快速升高,夏季(6-8月)平均值为2.09℃,8月指数已达2.59℃,9月以来赤道中东太平洋海温持续增暖,第1~5候的监测区海温指数分别为2.70℃、2.94℃、3.01℃、3.01℃、3.02℃,为有监测记录以来候和旬尺度海温指数首次突破3℃。据国家气候中心预测,赤道中东太平洋海表温度将继续呈波动上升态势,海温指数峰值预计出现在11月前后,为3.2℃~3.5℃,将明显高于历史最大值(2.8℃,2014-2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件峰值),形成一次有监测记录以来最强的超强厄尔尼诺事件。

自有监测记录以来,此前共出现过三次超强厄尔尼诺事件,分别发生于1982-1983年、1997-1998年和2014-2016年。当前海温监测指数及其增暖速率均显著高于上述三次事件的同期水平。

厄尔尼诺对我国汛期气候影响明显 还将对秋冬季和明年春夏季气候产生影响

厄尔尼诺的快速发展对我国今年汛期的气候影响明显,中东部地区降水总体呈“南北多、中间少”格局,涝重于旱。当前厄尔尼诺还将继续发展,并将对全球和我国今年秋冬季和明年春夏季气候产生影响。

预计今年秋季(10-11月),我国中东部大部降水偏多,江南大部和西南地区东部局部偏多5~8成,极端降水及山洪、滑坡、泥石流等风险高;华西秋雨总体偏多,呈“南多北少”空间分布;内蒙古西南部、西北地区东北部等地降水偏少超过2~5成,气象干旱和森林草原火险风险较高。有1~2个台风登陆或影响我国,强度偏强,以西行和西北行为主,华南和华东沿海地区暴雨洪涝、大风和风暴潮灾害风险高。

预计冬季(2026年12月-2027年2月),我国气温总体偏高,寒潮频次略偏多,气温冷暖起伏大;降水总体偏多,需重点防范阶段性强寒潮和南方低温雨雪冰冻影响。预计2027年春夏季,厄尔尼诺将快速衰减至结束,但对我国气候的影响仍然显著,极端天气气候事件增多,气温明显偏高,夏季高温热浪强度更强、范围更广。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 海温指数峰值预计出现在11月前后,形成超强厄尔尼诺事件

    Likely · Within months

  • 2027年春夏季厄尔尼诺将快速衰减至结束

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 未来秋冬季具体的强寒潮和台风影响程度如何?
  • 各地应急管理部门将采取哪些具体防范措施?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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