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Back美「哨兵」核彈邁出重要一步 新型核彈頭載具試射成功
美「哨兵」核彈邁出重要一步 新型核彈頭載具試射成功
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自由时报2 hours agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

美「哨兵」核彈邁出重要一步 新型核彈頭載具試射成功

Quick Look

美國空軍核武中心於加州范登堡太空軍基地使用米諾陶I型火箭成功執行Mk21A重返載具飛行測試,該載具將搭載W87-1核彈頭並整合至新一代LGM-35『哨兵』洲際彈道飛彈,以取代現役義勇兵三型。測試未攜帶核彈頭,為自2024年6月以來首次對外公開。洛克希德馬丁負責研發,諾斯洛普格魯曼提供火箭,美國太空軍協助監督。截至2025年11月,該計畫已獲得約14.49億美元研發資金,但『哨兵』飛彈計畫仍受成本上漲與時程延誤影響,尚未通過里程碑B審查。美國空軍規劃於2027會計年度申請5.4億美元預算以支援系統整合與後續測試。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國正推動陸基核武現代化,計畫以新一代LGM-35『哨兵』洲際彈道飛彈取代服役數十年的義勇兵三型,Mk21A重返載具為其關鍵組成部分,將負責在再入大氣層時精準投送W87-1核彈頭。

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圖為Mk21A再入軌飛行載具示意圖。(圖取自洛馬)

〔記者吳哲宇/台北報導〕美國持續推動陸基核武戰力現代化,美國空軍核武中心9日於加州范登堡太空軍基地,使用「米諾陶I型」(Minotaur I)運載火箭,成功執行新型Mk21A重返載具(Reentry Vehicle)飛行測試。這款載具未來將搭載W87-1核彈頭,整合至新一代LGM-35「哨兵」(Sentinel)洲際彈道飛彈,逐步取代服役數十年的「義勇兵三型」(Minuteman III),成為美國陸基核嚇阻戰力的重要組成部分。

軍聞網站「Air & Space Forces Magazine」報導,這次試射並未搭載核彈頭,也是美軍自2024年6月以來,首次對外公布Mk21A重返載具飛行測試。未來正式部署後,Mk21A將透過「哨兵」飛彈三級火箭推進系統進入太空,再重新進入大氣層,將核彈頭投送至指定目標。

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Mk21A由洛克希德馬丁(Lockheed Martin)負責研發,以現役「義勇兵三型」使用的Mk21重返載具為基礎改良。此次搭載Mk21A升空的「米諾陶I型」火箭,則由諾斯洛普格魯曼(Northrop Grumman)提供,採用源自「和平衛士」及「義勇兵」飛彈的火箭發動機技術,並由美國太空軍協助監督測試。

在研發經費方面,美國空軍核武中心於2023年10月授予洛克希德馬丁9.96億美元(約新台幣320.5億)合約,並在2025年11月追加4.53億美元(約新台幣145.8億)合約修改案,推動Mk21A後續研發及測試。

不過,「哨兵」洲際彈道飛彈計畫近年受到成本上漲及時程延誤影響,先前已觸發五角大廈強制審查,目前仍在進行計畫重整,尚未通過進入工程與製造發展階段所需的「里程碑B」審查。

根據美國國防部9月公布的採購報告,Mk21A也同步調整研發基準,希望降低對其他計畫時程的依賴,並採用新的飛行測試策略。報告指出,2024年6月已成功驗證重返載具隔熱罩性能,洛克希德馬丁則於今年2月持續整合武裝與引信次系統。

美國空軍規劃在2027年3月前完成整套「哨兵」系統的關鍵設計審查,並在2027會計年度申請近5.4億美元(約新台幣17.3億)Mk21A研發預算,較前一年度增加1.84億美元(約新台幣59.2億),以支援後續系統整合及飛行測試。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國空軍將在2027會計年度申請5.4億美元Mk21A研發預算以支援系統整合與飛行測試

    Very likely · Within months

  • 『哨兵』洲際彈道飛彈計畫將繼續進行計畫重整,尚未通過里程碑B審查

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • Mk21A何時將完成全系統整合測試?
  • 『哨兵』飛彈計畫何時能通過里程碑B審查進入工程階段?
  • W87-1核彈頭的最終設計與製造進度為何?

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