
世界更年期关怀日之际,专家指出更年期是女性心理健康高危窗口期,呼吁科学评估与及时干预。
10月18日世界更年期关怀日,国家精神疾病医学中心仇剑崟教授表示,更年期女性常以躯体症状首诊而忽视焦虑,呼吁进行科学评估与及时干预,避免默默忍受。
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世界更年期关怀日旨在提高公众对更年期女性健康及心理问题的关注。
中新网上海10月18日电 (记者 陈静)10月18日是世界更年期关怀日,国家精神疾病医学中心(上海市精神卫生中心)心理治疗学院院长仇剑崟教授当日对记者表示,很多更年期女性到医院就诊时,会最先诉说潮热、心慌、胃痛等症状,却不会主动提及焦虑。妇科可以做初步筛查;患者情绪症状较重时,应转诊至精神专科完成诊断,不要只是简单劝慰自己“想开点就好”。
“明明没发生什么大事,心里却总悬着。”“一点小事就忍不住发火,发完又自责。”“心慌、胸闷、睡不踏实,反复检查却查不出大问题。”仇剑崟教授指出,如果你正经历这些,请先别急着骂自己“怎么变成这样了”。其实,这不是你矫情,也不只是“到岁数了”。她指出,更年期女性的情绪问题,是生物、心理、社会多重因素叠加的结果。出现情绪波动,并非性格变差,不必默默忍受。科学评估、及时干预,才能安稳度过这一阶段。
仇剑崟教授介绍,女性焦虑、抑郁的整体患病率是男性的2倍-3倍,这一差异从青春期开始显现,围绝经期迎来情绪问题的发病高峰。这位专家告诉记者,更年期是女性心理健康的高危窗口期。围绝经期不只有潮热、盗汗、关节酸痛,紧张、焦虑、心烦等情绪困扰也很常见。其团队研究发现,在更年期门诊就诊的人群里,超过三分之一存在抑郁,其中多数是焦虑抑郁共病,单纯抑郁的相对较少。
据介绍,从生理层面看,围绝经期女性体内的内分泌激素会剧烈波动,例如雌激素、孕激素水平下。仇剑崟教授指出,雌激素会直接影响大脑内5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素等与情绪调节相关的神经递质。激素的起伏,既会带来潮热、心慌、乏力等躯体不适,也会干扰情绪调节功能。躯体不适和情绪问题相互影响,容易形成“身体不适—情绪变差”的恶性循环。
仇剑崟教授提醒,这一阶段的女性往往身兼多重角色,既要赡养老人、牵挂子女,部分人又承担着职场重任。空巢、退休、身体衰老的现实,也会冲击自我价值感。如果此时女性内心对绝经、衰老抱有悲观看法,就更容易放大焦虑、低落的感受。
很多女性会混淆“更年期情绪波动”和“焦虑障碍”。短暂心烦、遇事容易急躁,多属于正常情绪波动,大多数人可以自我调节。仇剑崟教授提醒,如果紧张不安持续存在,并且已经干扰工作、家务、人际交往,或频繁出现心慌、失眠、过度担忧,甚至出现惊恐发作,就不再是普通的更年期反应,需要及时进行医学评估。
这位专家指出,焦虑障碍有不同临床亚型,病程要求也不同。例如,广泛性焦虑障碍的诊断标准要求症状至少持续6个月。不要等到生活已经难以维持才就医。
在采访中,这位专家指出,更年期出现焦虑、心烦等症状先别慌,这其实是可以治疗的。治疗讲求个体化,分为药物干预与心理治疗两大方向。对于乳腺癌等合并躯体疾病的更年期女性,仇剑崟教授提醒,药物选择还要考虑代谢通路和药物相互作用,建议开展多学科联合评估,兼顾肿瘤安全与情绪改善。
“心理治疗同样不可或缺。”仇剑崟教授表示,夫妻关系、家庭压力、对衰老的认知,都可以在心理治疗中梳理和调整。心理治疗起效慢,但改善效果更持久,也有助于降低复发风险。这位专家坦言,但现实中,病耻感、心理治疗师资源不足,仍是不少女性接受心理干预的阻碍。
除了医疗干预,日常生活中调整生活方式,多给予自己一些关心,是更年期身心管理的基础,仇剑崟教授给出了几条简单可行的建议,包括给自己留点独处时间、调整健康的生活作息等。她说,关照身心,接纳起伏;人性本有艰难,温柔善待独一无二的自己。更年期不是人生的下坡路,而是重新关照自我的新起点。

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