
针对债市极端波动下的应急流动性支持机制
央行于26日推出债市非银大额赎回互换便利工具,旨在应对债券市场极端波动引发的集中赎回风险。该工具通过资产互换模式提供应急流动性,遵循“救急不兜底、救市场不救机构”的原则,防止系统性风险扩散。
AI-generated summary
2022年底曾出现理财产品集中赎回潮,导致债券价格下跌与产品净值回落的恶性循环。
昨天(26日),央行正式推出了一项新工具,债市非银大额赎回互换便利。这个工具到底是干什么的?跟我们有什么关系?
Q 这是个什么工具?
从名字就能看出,这项工具主要针对:债市、非银、赎回。简单理解,这项工具就是针对银行理财、公募基金等这些非银行类的金融机构,央行开辟了一条应急借钱的通道,专在债券市场大幅波动、产品遭遇集中赎回的极端情形下启用。
Q 为什么要出台新工具?
现在很多老百姓的钱都去买银行理财、公募基金,这些产品体量非常大,规模已经超过70万亿元,大家买的这些产品当中大量的资金都配置在了债券市场。正常环境下运行平稳,但一旦出现极端行情,风险不容忽视。比如说2022年底曾经出现一波理财赎回潮,当时不少投资者集中赎回产品,资管机构被迫只能抛售债券,导致债券价格随之下跌,产品净值进一步回落,又引发更多赎回,形成“赎回、抛售、下跌”的恶性循环。
设立这项工具,就是避免债券市场里这种恶性循环的风险扩散。
Q 新工具怎么用?
央行不能直接向非银机构发放贷款,采用的是资产互换的模式。简单理解:符合条件的资管机构,从央行借入央行票据,用这份票据到市场融资,拿到资金去承接那些被恐慌抛售的合格资产,以此打断恶性循环。
Q 债市一下跌 央行马上干预?
并不是。它属于极端场景下的应急工具,不是日常的市场调节手段。只有债券市场剧烈波动,大量资管机构同时遭遇赎回压力,马上要形成赎回抛售的恶性循环时,才会启动。
如果是机构自身投资失误、信用违约带来的信用风险,并不在央行的工具救助范围内,需要机构自己承担,打消市场“出事就有人救”的兜底幻想。
救急不兜底
救市场 不救问题机构
这项政策的核心原则是救急不兜底,救市场,不救问题机构。设立这个工具,并不是要保证大家的理财、基金只赚不亏,它的意义是在极端市场冲击到来时,防范出现系统性风险,维护债券市场平稳有序运行。

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