
川習會後,美中雙方發布會議成果,重申禁毒合作重點在芬太尼、新精神活性物質及前體化學品的管制與刑事責任。中國此前已發布司法解釋,規範芬太尼類物質案件的偵查、證據與追訴。雙方自1987年起透過備忘錄與協定奠定合作基礎,2023年成立禁毒合作工作組,持續交換情報並協助遣返犯罪嫌疑人,儘管戰略競爭加劇,情報合作未中止。
AI-generated summary
美中自1987年起簽署禁毒合作備忘錄與刑事司法協助協定,2002年後透過情報交流會定期交換禁毒情報,2023年成立禁毒合作工作組,納入多部門參與。川習會後雙方再次強調禁毒合作,尤其聚焦芬太尼等物質的管制與刑事責任。
◎ 黃予璿
川習會後,美國發布此次會議的事實清單(Fact Sheet),中國亦公布會談取得之8點成果,兩國皆高度關注禁毒合作,尤其聚焦芬太尼、新精神活性物質、前體化學品的管制、刑事責任。值得注意的是,川習會召開前,中國最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部聯合印發《關於辦理涉芬太尼類物質刑事案件適用法律等若干問題的意見》,確切定義芬太尼類物質的執法基準:包含藥用跟非藥用物質分類、證據收集準則、事實認定原則、違法所得追繳、關聯案件管轄等方面,且配合追訴、審理案件規範,如《關於芬太尼類物質犯罪案件立案追訴標準的規定》、《最高人民法院關於審理毒品犯罪案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》。中國逐步形成案件偵查、證據認定、司法追訴的治理模式,力求維護人民生命安全。
川習會後,美中兩國皆高度關注禁毒合作,尤其聚焦芬太尼、新精神活性物質、前體化學品的管制、刑事責任。圖為川習會。(路透檔案照)
不過,中美禁毒合作並非奠基於本次川習會。1987年起,兩國陸續簽訂《中美禁毒合作備忘錄》、《中美刑事司法協助協定》,奠定禁毒合作的法源依據。2002年後,美國、中國憑藉「中美禁毒情報交流會」定期交換禁毒情資。2023年時,雙方建構「中美禁毒合作工作組」,納入美國國家安全會議、國土安全部、司法部、財政部、郵政監管局、國務院、白宮國家禁毒政策辦公室,還有中國公安部、商務部、海關總署,不僅共享尋購芬太尼毒品線索、美國客戶購買新精神活性物質情報,也協助遣返犯罪嫌疑人。縱然中美戰略競爭白熱化,卻未完全中止情報合作。川習會之後續追蹤重點,在於面臨毒品威脅,彼此角力的國家安全體系,依然能夠透過相關機制交換情報,甚至追緝跨境犯罪。
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中美禁毒合作,定期交換禁毒情資,甚至追緝跨境犯罪。圖為芬太尼。(美聯社檔案照)
(作者為淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所博士生)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美中將繼續透過禁毒合作工作組定期交換情報,並可能擴大對新精神活性物質的監管範圍。
Likely · Within months
中國將依據現有司法解釋,加強對芬太尼類物質案件的立案追訴標準適用。
Very likely · Within weeks

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