
TVBS節目《11點熱吵店》因模仿台北市長候選人沈伯洋與蔣萬安並取諧音名「沈脖癢」「蔣晚安」引發爭議,學者李忠憲指出資訊科技革命使觀眾從被動接收者變為訊息發送者,政治諷刺的權力關係已改變,麥克風變多了,誰才比較好笑不再由電視台單方面決定。
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台北市長選戰白熱化,TVBS節目《11點熱吵店》邀請男星逸祥模仿沈伯洋取名「沈脖癢」,陳德烈模仿蔣萬安取名「蔣晚安」,逸祥在社群媒體貼出合照預告宣傳後引發網友批評,指控醜化與矮化候選人。
台北市長選戰進入白熱化階段,TVBS節目《11點熱吵店》特別找來男星逸祥模仿沈伯洋,並取諧音搞笑名「沈脖癢」,陳德烈則模仿蔣萬安,取名「蔣晚安」。沒想到逸祥日前在社群媒體貼出合照預告宣傳,竟意外掀起政治風暴,遭大批網友出征怒轟「醜化、矮化候選人」。對此,學者李忠憲表示,不是不能開玩笑,而是每個人都有麥克風了,從「沈脖癢」看資訊革命如何改變政治諷刺。
李忠憲在臉書PO文表示,以前《全民大悶鍋》盛行的年代,政治人物被模仿、被醜化,甚至連家人都可能成為笑料。《11點熱吵店》找人模仿沈伯洋與蔣萬安,一張宣傳照片卻立刻引起爭議。有人因此問:以前陳水扁都可以被這樣嘲笑,為什麼現在沈伯洋不行?我覺得如果只從「政治正確」或「誰比較玻璃心」來討論,反而錯過了真正重要的事情,因為20年前和今天根本已經不是同一個資訊世界。
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李忠憲分析,這次節目讓逸祥模仿沈伯洋,取名「沈脖癢」;陳德烈模仿蔣萬安,卻叫「蔣晚安」。這樣的命名是否公平,當然可以討論。網路上也立刻有人開始比較兩人的身高、外表與照片,不過我覺得真正值得注意的不是兩個人到底幾公分,而是節目的影像呈現,可以讓觀眾產生某種特定印象,今天的觀眾已經不會只是坐在電視機前接受這個印象,20年前,電視台掌握攝影機、舞台、燈光、演員、剪接與播出權。製作單位可以決定誰站得高、誰站得矮,誰比較英俊、誰比較滑稽;也可以決定誰得到一個好聽的名字,誰被取一個帶著身體意象的綽號。觀眾主要負責看。
李忠憲指出,《全民大悶鍋》就是在這種媒體環境中誕生的,那時候掌握攝影機的人,在很大程度上也掌握了「什麼是好笑」。今天完全不同。節目甚至還沒有真正播出,一張照片就可能被截圖傳遍網路;有人發現兩個模仿角色的名字不同,馬上提出質疑;有人開始找過去的照片,有人製作對照圖,有人留言,有人轉貼,有人做迷因,接著新聞媒體又把網路上的爭論寫成新聞,當事人再回到社群媒體回應。這次逸祥就是先在社群媒體宣傳,引發批評後刪文,並說明「沈脖癢」是節目安排,而不是他自己的發想,也表示不希望角色模仿被直接等同於他的政治立場。
李忠憲續指,這才是資訊科技革命真正帶來的改變:觀眾不再只是觀眾。以前是一家電視台對幾十萬、幾百萬人說話;今天每一個接收訊息的人,也可能立刻成為訊息的發送者。電視台可以製造一個影像,觀眾可以立刻製造另一個影像;節目可以設定一套敘事,網友可以提出另一套敘事;製作人可以決定怎麼剪接,觀眾也可以把其中3秒鐘剪下來重新傳播,更有趣的是,後來重新剪出的三秒鐘,甚至可能比原來兩小時的節目傳得更遠,以前的政治喜劇,像一個人站在舞台上拿著麥克風嘲笑台下的人;今天卻像一個巨大的聊天室:你拿著麥克風嘲笑別人,下面幾十萬人手上也都有麥克風。所以「我只是開玩笑」這句話,在今天已經不像二十年前那麼簡單。你可以決定自己要說什麼,卻不能決定別人怎麼理解。
你可以說「沈脖癢」只是一個諧音梗;觀眾也可以問,為什麼另一個人得到的是沒有明顯負面身體意象的「蔣晚安」?你可以透過服裝、站位與表演塑造人物;觀眾也可以拿出其他照片比較。你可以說這只是娛樂;別人也可以分析這個娛樂背後是否存在不對稱的符號設計。
李忠憲補充,但反過來也完全一樣。觀眾可以批評節目,節目也可以回應觀眾;支持沈伯洋的人可以批評節目,支持蔣萬安的人也可以反駁。有人認為這是醜化,也有人認為政治人物本來就應該接受尖銳的模仿,沒有任何一方天然擁有最後解釋權。因此,我並不認為資訊科技革命之後,政治諷刺應該消失,恰恰相反,它只會更多、更快,也可能更殘酷,只是權力關係改變了。以前是少數人有能力大規模嘲笑別人;現在任何一次嘲笑,都可能立刻成為另一場嘲笑的材料。你可以把別人做成迷因,別人也可以把你做成迷因。
李忠憲強調,人工智慧的出現,還會讓這個變化再往前走一步。過去製作一段政治模仿,需要攝影棚、演員、攝影師、剪接師和電視台;今天一支手機就可以完成其中大部分工作,接下來生成式人工智慧甚至可以讓普通人在幾分鐘內製作影像、聲音、動畫與虛構場景。到了那個時候,我們面對的問題恐怕不再只是:「電視台可不可以這樣嘲笑沈伯洋?」而是:「當每一個人都有一座自己的電視台,我們準備好怎麼面對彼此了嗎?」當然,人人都可以傳播訊息,並不代表真相就會增加,它同樣可能製造錯誤資訊、斷章取義、造假與新的羞辱。資訊科技真正改變的,不是真假的比例,而是傳播權力的分配。
李忠憲直言,自己並不懷念那個「什麼都可以開玩笑」的年代,也不認為今天的人只是變得比較不能開玩笑。真正改變的是資訊架構。以前,掌握攝影機的人掌握畫面,掌握電視台的人掌握傳播,觀眾主要負責接收;今天,觀眾也有攝影機,也有剪接工具,也有自己的傳播管道。這不是幽默感消失了,而是麥克風變多了。以前的世界,是電視台告訴我們誰很好笑;現在的世界,是電視台才剛開始笑,幾十萬個人已經拿起自己的麥克風,開始討論:到底誰才比較好笑?沒有人能阻止你說話,但也沒有人能保證,你說完之後只有別人被笑。而更殘酷、也更有趣的是,到了全民直播、全民評論、全民製作的時代,我們最後可能發現「真實世界,往往比綜藝節目更荒謬,也更好笑。」
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
類似的政治模仿爭議將在未來選舉期間更頻繁發生
Likely · Within months
媒體監管機構可能會檢討現行廣播電視法規以適應全民創作時代
Possible · Within months

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