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Back日本規劃以小型無人機搭載量子磁氣感測器加強反潛監視
日本規劃以小型無人機搭載量子磁氣感測器加強反潛監視
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自由时报4 hours agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

日本規劃以小型無人機搭載量子磁氣感測器加強反潛監視

Quick Look

日本防衛省計劃在2031財政年度前開發搭載於小型無人機的量子磁氣感測器,以貼近海面搜索中國潛艦,分擔P-1、P-3C巡邏機及反潛直升機的任務。此舉旨在以大量低成本無人機彌補與中國潛艦數量差距,並將無人機提升為國家防衛戰略重要支柱。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國潛艦力量快速增長,截至2026年擁有58艘現代化潛艦,約為日本海上自衛隊潛艦數量的三倍。日本長期依賴P-1、P-3C反潛巡邏機及直升機執行反潛任務,但面臨人力與平台限制。

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部署大量小型無人機 貼近海面搜索

因應中國潛艦戰力快速擴張,日本正規劃以大量小型無人機打造新的反潛監視網。日本經濟新聞報導,防衛省將在二〇三一年度前開發搭載於小型無人機的「量子磁氣感測器」,讓無人機貼近海面搜索潛艦,分擔目前由P-1、P-3C反潛巡邏機及反潛直升機執行的任務。

此舉不僅強化對中國潛艦的監控,也顯示日本正加速將無人機由偵察輔助裝備,提升為國家防衛戰略的重要支柱。防衛省已將相關研發經費列入二〇二七年度預算概算要求,規劃在二〇二七至三一年度製作實證機並進行測試,預料由日本國內企業承接開發。

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水下戰力 研發量子磁氣感測器

量子磁氣感測器是強化水下作戰能力的研究項目之一,利用量子磁氣技術捕捉潛艦航行時造成的極微弱磁場變化。現代潛艦普遍採取降低船體磁性措施以避免被發現,因此提高感測器靈敏度將成為研發關鍵。

相較有人巡邏機,無人機能夠更貼近海面飛行,更容易捕捉水下潛艦產生的磁場變化。日本構想採用價格較低、可短時間大量生產的小型無人機執行此任務。由於小型機航程有限,海自計畫以航行中的水面艦艇作為起降或發射據點,以大量部署方式擴大搜索範圍。

這些無人機主要負責「發現」而非直接攻擊潛艦。一旦確認敵方潛艦位置,仍由海自艦艇等平台以魚雷攻擊,形成「無人偵察、有人或艦載武器打擊」的分工。

日經引述防衛白皮書指出,截至二〇二六年,中國擁有五十八艘現代化潛艦,接近海自廿餘艘的三倍。日本防衛西南群島時,必須依賴運輸艦艇將自衛隊員、飛彈、彈藥與補給送往離島,若海上運輸線遭中國潛艦攻擊,可能直接影響離島作戰的持續能力。

日本近年已明顯改變無人機的軍事定位。二〇二二年制定的安保三文書即提出運用「無人資產」,俄烏戰爭等實戰經驗也顯示,大量、廉價、可消耗的無人機足以改變戰場成本結構。日本因此從過去以情報蒐集、警戒監視為中心,轉向偵察、攻擊、反潛、水下作戰及後勤運輸等多用途發展。

此次「無人機獵潛艦」計畫並非單一裝備開發,而是日本整體防衛構想轉型的一環。從空中攻擊型無人機、水面無人艇、水下無人潛航器,到此次以小型無人機組成反潛搜索網,日本正試圖以大量、低成本、可消耗的無人平台,搭配AI及傳統高性能武器,彌補人力不足以及與中國在艦艇、潛艦數量上的差距。

國防支柱 視為經濟安保產業

日本同時將無人機視為「經濟安全保障」的重要產業。高市政府提出二〇三〇年建立約八萬架無人航空器及重要零組件的國內供應、量產基礎,並要求強化相關AI、軟體及供應鏈。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 日本將在2027至2031財政年度間完成量子磁氣感測器無人機的實證機開發並開始測試。

    Very likely · Within years

  • 一旦該系統實用化,日本將逐步減少對有人反潛巡邏機的依賴,轉而以無人機為主力進行廣域搜索。

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 量子磁氣感測器的實際探測範圍和靈敏度是多少?
  • 小型無人機在惡劣海況下的作戰效能如何?
  • 日本國內企業是否具備量產此類無人機的能力?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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