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Back声音被“偷”了,如何证明“声音是我的”?
声音被“偷”了,如何证明“声音是我的”?
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中国新闻网3 hours agoLaw5 min readChinaView translation

声音被“偷”了,如何证明“声音是我的”?

上海一中院明确AI语音合成侵权举证责任分配规则,未经授权使用可识别特定自然人的合成语音构成声音侵权

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2026年9月29日,上海一中院二审驳回上诉,维持原判,认定A公司未经王女士同意使用其声音生成AI合成语音构成侵权,赔偿5万元。法院明确举证责任转移规则:权利人证明声音具有被获取合理渠道且合成语音高度相似即完成初步举证,此后责任转移至平台。

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Why It Matters

随着AI语音合成、声音克隆等技术普及,声音权益保护问题日益突出。本案为上海首例人工智能合成语音引发的自然人声音权益保护纠纷案件,涉及AI生成声音与自然人声音权的法律边界及举证责任分配问题。

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随着人工智能(AI)技术的飞速迭代,语音合成、声音克隆以及文本转语音等应用已广泛渗透至日常生活中。然而,技术在带来便捷的同时,也存在风险:当自己的声音被AI“偷”走,该如何维权?

2026年9月29日,上海市第一中级人民法院依法审结上海首例人工智能合成语音引发的自然人声音权益保护纠纷案件,判决平台运营方构成声音侵权,赔偿权利人经济损失5万元。

王女士是某App上实名认证的配音演员,平时通过在该App上配音、发布作品,获得报酬。2025年1月,王女士从好友处得知,A公司在其举办的互联网推广拉新活动中疑似使用了王女士的声音。王女士经核实发现,该活动使用的相关声音疑似AI合成,于是对音频进行了公证以固定证据,并向长宁区人民法院提起诉讼。

王女士认为,自己从未与A公司进行过合作,也未进行任何授权,A公司擅自使用自己的声音构成侵权,遂要求A公司停止侵权并赔偿经济损失30万元。

A公司辩称,案涉音频确为该公司开发的AI生成,但具体的来源和投喂的素材因前员工离职无法确认。该公司此前从不知晓王女士配音演员的身份,不存在采集、使用其声音的情况,现有证据也无法直接证明其在推广活动中使用了王女士的声音。

案件审理中,为证明侵权事实,王女士通过司法鉴定对案涉音频与本人声音进行了语音分析比对。鉴定意见显示,案涉音频与王女士本人音频在28个共振峰声学指标中,有24个偏离度小于10%,其中16个小于5.36%,两者较为相似及高度相似的部分达到90%。

上海市长宁区人民法院经审理认为,自然人享有声音权,未经声音权人同意,不得制作、使用、公开声音权人的声音。在原告现有优势证据下,根据证据规则推定被告A公司在经营活动中接触过王女士声音,未经同意以其声音为素材生成案涉音频。该音频与王女士声音高度相似,足以使公众尤其是其亲友误认为系其本人发声,侵害了王女士的声音权并造成损失,且二者存在因果关系,A公司应依法承担侵权责任。综合案涉AI生成音频的持续时间、传播范围、原告的损害结果及A公司的过错程度,判决A公司向王女士赔偿损失5万元,并承担王女士为案件诉讼而支出的必要费用。

王女士和A公司不服一审判决,均提起上诉。

上海一中院经审理认为,未经自然人同意,使用自然人的声音作为训练语料,模仿该自然人的音色、语调和发音风格等生成能够识别该自然人的合成人声,应当认定为侵害自然人声音权益。本案中,王女士作为配音演员已举证证明其配音作品发布于公开网络平台上,A公司存在获取其声音来源的信息渠道及可能性。同时,经鉴定报告分析,合成语音与人声高度相似,足以使普通社会公众进行特定身份关联,具有可识别性。

A公司虽予以否认,但其作为掌握原始训练数据的控制方,未能就投喂素材来源合法性、未利用自然人声音特征、未造成公众混淆误认等待证事实充分举证,应承担举证不能的不利后果。据此,可认定A公司未经王女士同意,将能够识别个人身份的合成语音面向社会公众商业化使用,已构成声音侵权。

2026年9月29日,上海一中院二审驳回上诉,维持原判。

当前,不少AI语音产品开发者存在一种认知误区,认为AI生成的声音是对声纹特征的算法重构,属于技术模拟产物而非对原始录音的直接复制,因此不涉及侵权。实际上,这一认识混淆了“技术生成方式”与“法律评价对象”的区别。

法律保护的是声音所承载的人格标识利益,只要AI合成的声音能够识别到特定自然人,无论其通过何种算法路径生成,未经许可的使用都可能构成对声音权益的侵害。

本案中,AI语音合成模型的核心训练数据、算法日志、素材来源记录均由平台单方掌握,权利人客观上难以获取。若坚持“谁主张、谁举证”的一般规则,要求权利人证明平台使用了其声音进行训练,则极大地抬高了维权门槛。

本案在裁判中明确的规则是:权利人只需证明其声音具有被获取的合理渠道、合成语音与其声音高度相似,即完成初步举证;此后举证责任转移至平台,由平台证明训练数据的合法来源或合成语音与权利人声音无关。这一举证责任分配规则回应了AI侵权案件中证据偏在的结构性难题,防止平台以“技术黑箱”或“员工离职无法确认”为由逃避责任。对AI产业而言,这一规则也传递了明确信号:谁掌控数据,谁就应当承担相应的合规举证义务。

声音的商业化利用须以授权为前提,技术中立不免除审查责任。

声音权益兼具人格属性与财产属性,对专业配音演员等以声音为核心职业资源的群体而言,声音的商业价值尤其突出。AI语音合成技术本身是中立的,但技术中立不等于使用中立。经营主体在将AI合成语音投入商业场景前,负有对声音素材来源合法性进行审查的义务,不能以“不知晓权利人身份”或“系AI自动生成”为由,免除取得授权、合规使用的基本责任。

记者 张海燕

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多AI语音合成侵权案件将适用本案确立的举证责任转移规则

    Likely · Within months

  • AI语音产品开发者将加强对声音素材来源合法性的审查

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • A公司具体使用了哪些声音素材进行AI训练
  • A公司前员工离职后是否带走了相关训练数据记录
  • 该判决对其他AI语音产品开发者的具体合规操作指引

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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