闪充、快充进入分钟级补能阶段,今年前8月服务区新增大功率充电设施约1.1万个
今年国庆假期期间,全国高速公路新能源汽车充电量创下历史新高。随着闪充、快充技术的规模化落地以及大功率充电设施的快速增加,车主的“续航焦虑”有所缓解,但节假日潮汐式供需错配仍是现实考验。
AI-generated summary
截至今年6月末,我国新能源汽车保有量已达4897万辆,上半年新注册登记新能源汽车占比近半。国庆假期出行暴露出充电需求激增与设施分布不均的矛盾。
本报记者 葛孟超
●闪充、快充进入分钟级补能阶段
●主流换电站一次换电仅需数分钟
●今年前8月服务区新增大功率充电设施约1.1万个
来自广东深圳的陈立辉国庆假期在湖南度过。10月7日一早,他驾驶新能源汽车从长沙返程。10点左右,车辆显示电量不足30%,陈立辉随即驶入郴州服务区,将车停到超充车位,熟练打开手机小程序,插枪、扫码、充电。只用10分钟,电量就到了85%。“去趟卫生间的工夫就差不多充好电了。”陈立辉说。
国庆返程高峰,京港澳高速入京方向车流不断。在河南鹤壁服务区,分布着河南交投新能源、国家电网、蔚来等公司的6家充换电站、80把充电枪。今年9月新增设的闪充站,单枪最大功率达1500千瓦。“假期服务区加派人员引导,基本实现车辆即到即充、即充即走,没有出现排长队情况。”鹤壁服务区经理王玉磊说。
截至今年6月末,我国新能源汽车保有量已达4897万辆,上半年新注册登记新能源汽车占比近半。国庆假期,车主驾驶新能源汽车出行热情高涨,这也对充电补能服务水平提出了更高要求。
假期前3天,全国高速公路新能源汽车充电次数共计296.86万次,日均98.95万次,较去年同期增长48.41%;充电量达7161.93万千瓦时,日均2387.31万千瓦时,较去年同期增长49.39%。其中,10月1日全国高速公路充电量达2804.69万千瓦时,较去年国庆假期首日增长60.4%,创节假日单日历史新高。
曾经困扰新能源汽车车主的一大痛点,是车辆的续航里程问题。从这个假期的情况看,“续航焦虑”有所缓解。最新数据显示:国庆假期,在新能源汽车流量同比增长35%的情况下,日均充电特别繁忙服务区数量同比下降17%。
一增一降的变化,与新能源汽车功能和性能提升、我国充电网络建设提速密切相关。
我国新能源汽车产品性能日趋优化,纯电动乘用车整车平均续航里程达500公里,快充技术批量应用。中国汽车战略与政策研究中心财税金融政策研究总监简晓荣分析,在技术层面,我国闪充、快充、换电等快速补能技术已实现规模化落地。闪充、快充进入分钟级补能阶段,头部企业闪充技术可实现数分钟补能数百公里,主流换电站完成一次换电也仅需数分钟。据了解,比亚迪已累计建成超1.15万座闪充站,在西藏拉萨、云南香格里拉都有布局;10月1日—5日,累计90.23万人次通过小鹏充电平台充电;10月5日,蔚来换电单日总量超18.36万次,再创新高。
同时,充电网络建设持续提速,截至8月底,我国电动汽车充电基础设施(枪)总数突破2400万个,建成全球最大电动汽车充电网络。今年前8月,服务区新增大功率充电设施约1.1万个,相当于此前累计数量的总和。“我们在全省高速服务区投运全液冷超充站38座,单枪最大输出功率达到600千瓦,充电效率是常规大功率快充接口的数倍,基本上做到充电续航‘1秒1公里’。”湖南高速新能源科技有限责任公司驻点运营主管胡万勇说。
面对短时间内集中释放的大量出行需求,节假日充电“潮汐”难题仍是现实考验。今年国庆假期,也有部分网友反映,高速服务区充电等待时间长。
“问题本质是节假日特有的潮汐式供需错配。”简晓荣表示,国庆假期出行高度集中在少数热门通道和高峰时段,瞬时充电需求远超场站平日设计承载能力。同时,部分较早建设的服务区充电设备老旧,无法满功率输出,个别站点还存在故障桩,压缩了实际可用桩的数量。
充电技术提升,服务保障也应跟上。国庆假期,各地提前部署,车企积极行动,通过升级超充桩、增设移动充电车、加强运维巡查等举措,为新能源汽车车主出行提供便利。
南方电网“顺易充”平台每日复盘高速服务区车流仿真数据,结合场站热力动态调配移动充电车和移动式储能充电装置,在大广高速、广连高速等沿线服务区为新能源汽车补能;湖南高速集团投放26台移动应急充电车(舱)、6台智能移动充电机器人,根据充电车流变化,灵活调配至重点路段的大流量服务区;河北省禄发集团在服务区增派人员现场疏导,并开放下穿通道实行分流。
“节前我们增补了电池,并针对重点高速的换电站动态调拨电池。同时,通过算法预判车流高峰,提前从相邻站点调来满电电池。”蔚来能源安徽区域负责人袁昭介绍,假期期间,蔚来还在高速服务区等车流密集地段安排专人值守、部署移动服务点,引导车主高效完成换电。
简晓荣建议,面对假期“大考”,相关部门单位应进一步加强调度监测,及时发布信息,提升充电桩周转效率,增派运维人员,持续做好新能源汽车出行保障;车主可以选择错峰补能,灵活规划路线,到高速出入口附近或就近下高速前往市区充电。
按照规划,到2030年,我国充电基础设施将超过4000万个,大功率充电设施约30万个;动力电池安全、充电倍率、低温适用、循环寿命等性能水平将持续提升。从中长期看,要及时升级改造老旧充电桩,完善景区、国省干线、县乡沿线补能点位,积极探索光储充换一体综合站等新技术应用。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
到2030年我国充电基础设施将超过4000万个,大功率充电设施约30万个
Likely · Within months

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