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Back首次在城市场景完成放飞试验 看一台“空中电站”如何诞生
首次在城市场景完成放飞试验 看一台“空中电站”如何诞生
Tech
中国新闻网3 hours agoTech6 min readChinaView translation

首次在城市场景完成放飞试验 看一台“空中电站”如何诞生

该系统首次在城市场景完成放飞试验,标志着高空风能技术向产业化落地迈进

Quick Look

全球首台4000米级浮空风力发电系统S4000在湖南岳阳完成城市场景试飞。该系统通过充氦平台将发电模块送至高空,利用稳定风能发电,验证了其在复杂环境下的可靠性与工程交付能力,为高空风能产业化奠定基础。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

高空风能具有风速高、风向稳定、风能密度大等优势。目前主要分为陆基和空基两种技术路线,S4000属于空基技术。

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今天(6日),全球首台4000米级浮空风力发电系统在湖南岳阳成功试飞。这是4000米级浮空风电系统首次在城市场景完成放飞试验。

随着起飞指令,S4000浮空风力发电系统缓缓升空,开展复杂气流下姿态稳定控制、复杂磁场发电性能等多科目验证。此次完成放飞验证的S4000浮空风力发电系统,长度达到67米,宽40米、高23米,升空海拔可达4000米,输出电压覆盖10千伏至35千伏,设计使用寿命20年。该系统通过充氦浮空平台将轻量化发电模块送至数千米高空,利用高空稳定的风资源持续发电,发出的电再经系留缆绳送回地面。

浮空风力发电系统首席架构设计师 顿天瑞:今天我们更多要测试的是其接网的性能,开着发电机的情况下是否会对电力和姿态稳定性造成干扰。城市试飞考验的是能不能安全、可靠地在市民、人群周边试飞。城市才是耗电的核心区域,最终还是要让供电系统向着人口更密集的区域开始迈进。

高空风能作为尚未规模开发的新能源“无人区”,具有风速高、风向稳定、风能密度大等优势,蕴藏着巨大潜力。目前主要有陆基和空基两种技术路线。陆基把重型发电机留在地面,靠翼伞、浮空器等空中组件牵引缆绳做功;空基则把发电机组随浮空器送上天空,在高空就地发电。S4000浮空风力发电系统今年8月在西北某试验基地完成4000米全流程验证,验证了高原、强紫外线、大温差条件下的极限适应性。

中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员 蔡榕:本次城市场景试飞主要是验证整套浮空系统的可靠性,也验证在城市周边真实工况下完成工程交付的可能性和完整性、现场快速部署的能力,打通了研发、试验、运行的关键链路,为适航取证、场景示范铺路,有力推动高空风力发电设备从技术验证走向产业化落地。

“空中捕能”

一台“空中电站”的诞生

一台浮空器飞行器从图纸到升空,要走过设计研发、生产制造、总装集成、内场测试、外场试飞五大核心环节,周期一到两年。在浮空器总装基地,看一台“空中电站”如何从零件变成整机,又靠什么在高空持续发电。

总台记者 李艳君:在浮空风力发电系统岳阳总装车间,锚泊悬停着一台完整的飞行器,其使用量最大的材料是蒙皮,它是直接决定飞行高度、有效载荷和使用寿命的关键材料。

浮空风力发电系统首席架构设计师 顿天瑞:4千米的高空要蒙皮足够轻、足够强,它要用液晶纤维来进行纺织,再往上面放上耐候层,还要在过程中有胶黏层。在保持同样的力学性能的前提之下,我们的重量能达到国外的二分之一。

技术人员告诉记者,扛得住高空紫外线和温差的蒙皮、足够轻的发电机、拉得住又送得回电的系留缆绳,是浮空电站身上最难做的三样部件。发电模块和系留缆绳大量采用复合材料、钛合金等轻量化材料,其中系留缆绳用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合芯替代钢缆,抗拉强度是钢缆的3倍、重量只有钢缆的四分之一,既拽得住飞艇,也送得回高压电。材料轻一分,飞得就高一截。总装好的浮空器先在艇库内完成全套精细化调试测试,确认整机状态稳定达标,再出库升空进行实地放飞和发电。

浮空风力发电系统首席架构设计师 顿天瑞:我们改变了电机的排列方式,让它们3个为一组进行发电,还将传统上的直流交流之间的转换装置和电机进行了一体化开发,它们是为彼此而伴生的,每一个都可以做沉默的工作者。

高空风力发电适应能力强

发展潜力大

近年来,随着材料技术、浮空器技术、轻量化电机系统技术的发展,我国高空风力发电技术的价值逐步凸显,也为构建新型电力系统、推动全球能源转型提供了可持续、可再生的解决方案。

目前,我国高空风能开发主要有陆基和空基两种技术路线。岳阳试飞的浮空风力发电系统属于“空基”高空风力发电技术,核心原理是把轻量化风力发电机搭载在浮空器上,利用涵道优势实现空中发电。此外,还有伞梯式“陆基”高空风力发电技术,通过系留气球将缆绳和做功伞升至对应高度,依靠做功伞收放带动地面发电机做往复运动,将高空风能转换为电能。

相关研究表明,6000米高空的风能密度均值是地表风能密度的20倍以上,高空中所蕴含的风能超过目前人类社会能源总需求的一百多倍。相比传统的陆上风电,据测算,高空风电可节约95%的土地,减少90%的用钢量,降低30%的度电成本。高空风力发电适应能力强,可部署于沙漠、沿海、海岛、矿区、山区等场景,不占用耕地与生态用地,出力可随风力条件动态调整。

我国是世界高空风能资源丰富的国家之一,当前我国在高空风能利用领域拥有一系列自主知识产权,全产业链可实现国产化,随着后期发展,将为新型电力系统建设提供重要支撑。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 推动高空风力发电设备从技术验证走向产业化落地

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 大规模商业化部署的具体时间表
  • 极端天气下的长期运行稳定性数据

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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