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Back马友友:以人为本的音乐家与人文主义者
马友友:以人为本的音乐家与人文主义者
Culture
纽约时报中文网2 hours agoCulture3 min readChinaView translation

马友友:以人为本的音乐家与人文主义者

Quick Look

马友友在丹佛接受采访时展现出以人为本的交流方式,他更倾向于了解他人而非谈论自己。文章回顾了他的音乐成就、人文主义理念、移民背景以及通过Sound Postings等项目将音乐与社区结合的实践,强调他以行为践行超然立场,被同行视为真诚的榜样。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

马友友是世界著名大提琴家,出生于法国,父母为中国移民。七岁时访美并给帕布罗·卡萨尔斯留下深刻印象,此后为约翰·F·肯尼迪总统演出,与埃尔莫和罗杰斯先生同台,获得多项格莱美奖和总统自由勋章。他以人文主义理念著称,强调人与人、人与自然的联系,反对极化修辞。

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采访马友友并非易事。但不是因为他是当今在世最著名的音乐家之一,也不是因为他从七岁起就为世界领导人演奏大提琴,更不是因为他会用长长的故事而不是口水话来回答问题。真正的挑战在于,他更愿意谈论你。

"没有人是无趣的,"最近在丹佛演出期间下榻的酒店接受采访时,他这样解释道。前一晚,他在红岩剧场与科罗拉多交响乐团合作,为数千名观众演奏了德沃夏克的大提琴协奏曲,演绎生动而富有新意。我被派去报道他70岁的人生以及他如何调和年龄与永不停歇的雄心,所以本能地想把话题拉回他身上。但我很快明白了前总统贝拉克·奥巴马当年评价马友友时那句话的含义:“你每问他一个问题,他会回问你两个”。

如果马友友不是对所有人都这样,他的说话方式可能看起来会像回避或装谦虚。“这是装不出来的,”作曲家安杰莉卡·内格龙说。在红岩剧场音乐会之前,我整个演出季都跟着他:去独奏会、协奏曲首演,去远离任何音乐厅、与音乐关系不大的活动。无论是见到同行艺术家、乐迷还是社区组织者,他都专注而好奇,愿意为了解一个人而暂时放下手头的工作。

在一个更愿意奖励犬儒主义的时代,他是一位真诚投入的人文主义者。他把人看作一个生态系统,人与人之间以及与大自然之间都深度相连,尽管这个时代的算法正把我们推入回声室。他谈论移民或教育时,避开当今盛行的粗暴、极化修辞,巧妙地将这些话题视为伦理问题而非政治问题。

如果我们以他为榜样,会怎样?

"在别人身上我会去寻找行为模型,"马友友的密友斯蒂芬·科尔伯特说。“他的立场是超然的;他的行为却不是。”

而且,马友友的为人方式正通过他的组织Sound Postings越来越多地融入他的公共工作。他几乎每站巡演都会安排某种社区项目,比如在芝加哥关于枪支暴力的对话,或西弗吉尼亚州的农场晚宴。他启动了长达数年的项目,可能把他带到国家公园,或黎巴嫩的某家夜总会。当他向观众讲话时,他把对时间和记忆的惊奇感与对未来的担忧交织在一起,尤其是在环境问题上。

由于他的身份,也许人们会听得进去。“如果他付出了这么多努力,”历史学家希瑟·考克斯·理查森说,“我们怎么能做得比他少?”

到如今,马友友的卓越和名望已是公认的事实。这位音乐家出生于法国,父母是中国移民,七岁访美时便给大提琴大师帕布罗·卡萨尔斯留下了深刻印象。不久之后,他就在伦纳德·伯恩斯坦主持的音乐会上为约翰·F·肯尼迪总统演出。此后,他在电视上与埃尔莫和罗杰斯先生同台,卖出了数百万张专辑,收获了满架的格莱美奖,并从奥巴马手中接过了总统自由勋章。

"但关于马友友最令人称奇的也许就是,"奥巴马曾说,“每个人都喜欢他”。

你完全可以想象一个截然不同的马友友:一个在音乐学校修道院般环境中长大的神童,仍然是明星,却不太擅长与人交往。然而,卡萨尔斯告诉他要出去打棒球。“我不认为他是星探,”马友友说,“但我认为言下之意是,‘去过一种充实的生活’。”

最终留在美国的马友友也深受移民身份的塑造。“移民的一个特点就是,他们总是在努力理解一个新地方,”他说。“现在我到处旅行,我身上移民的那部分总在想,我希望你把我随便扔到什么地方,就像‘寻找沃尔多’的游戏一样,我都能找到办法做一些有目的、有意义的事。”

15岁时,他在茱莉亚学院学习,在自助餐厅认识了钢琴家伊曼纽尔·艾克斯,两人从此成为终身朋友和音乐伙伴。(“我会说,发生在我身上最幸运的两件事,就是遇见我妻子和遇见马友友,”艾克斯说。)那段时间,马友友不确定世界是否还需要另一个大提琴家。他会准备一套独奏曲目,然后在音乐会上演奏,演到一半却发现自己感到无聊。

“我们生活在一个人们总说‘我必须有成就、成就、成就’的世界里,”马友友说。“但我从来不觉得取得什么成就能带来什么,顶多给你一瞬间的快感。”

马友友奉行卡萨尔斯的格言:“我首先把自己看作一个人,其次才是音乐家,第三才是大提琴家。”因此他选择不全职学习音乐,而是在哈佛大学拿到了人类学学士学位。从某种意义上说,他从未离开过这个领域。带着一个快乐业余爱好者的热情,他将自己对人类的兴趣投入到各种项目中:比如现在名为“丝绸之路”的合奏团,这是多元文化盛行的90年代留下的持久遗产;把巴赫介绍给世界各地陌生人的巴赫计划;以及较新的户外项目“我们的共同自然”,旨在把人们聚在一起。

“他求知若渴,”Sound Postings的创意制作人索菲·沙克尔顿说。“他对来自不同背景和学科的人从不妄加评判,他喜欢努力去理解他们。”

正因如此,马友友的音乐会从来不只是音乐会。即使像去年秋天他在波士顿交响乐厅演奏全套巴赫大提琴组曲这样常规的演出也会延伸到外面的世界。演出被同步直播到波士顿附近乃至马萨诸塞州各地的公共图书馆。在沃特敦,放映室座无虚席,等候名单上还有近500人,人们带着咖啡馆的饼干和苹果酒聚在一起,还参观了楼上的一个展览。一位母亲称这一切为“一份礼物”。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 马友友将继续通过Sound Postings在全国范围内开展更多社区音乐项目,特别是在教育和环境领域。

    Likely · Within months

  • 马友友的人文主义理念和以人为本的交流方式将继续影响音乐界和公共讨论,尤其是在应对社会极化方面。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 马友友的Sound Postings组织在具体社区项目中取得了哪些可衡量的影响?
  • 他在国家公园或黎巴嫩夜总会的项目目前进展如何?
  • 他的移民身份在怎样的具体情境下影响了他的艺术创作或社区工作?

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This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

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