Breaking
KRGen.G advances to the finals of the 2026 LoL World Championship... 3-0 win over IGFRPSG-Troyes: Mayulu luxury joker, the Park celebrates its Virage Auteuil, Torres at half mast… The tops and flopsCNGuangxi launches first "Baguisuo Noodles" themed tourist train with rice noodle display area on boardCNKaohsiung Pier 2 "Forced Town" comes on stage to make life easier: the market with the most Taiwanese-sounding homophonic memes in historyGLOBALThe Trump coalition is shattered - what will Republicans do now?KRMy Chemical Romance, first performance in Korea in 18 years... 20,000 people singing along to warm up the coldCNJapanese super grandma lived to be 106 years old without children Qiu Qinyi: Know how to cherish and let goCNYouth Olympic 3X3 Women's Basketball Team"Taiwanese young player is awesome! 2 consecutive wins in the group stage to advance to the quarterfinalsINRohit Sharma enters record books with historic feat in rain-hit Wellington ODIJPDream unfulfilled for the first time in 12 years: Japan's runner-up showing growth - U17 Women's World Cup soccerKRGen.G advances to the finals of the 2026 LoL World Championship... 3-0 win over IGFRPSG-Troyes: Mayulu luxury joker, the Park celebrates its Virage Auteuil, Torres at half mast… The tops and flopsCNGuangxi launches first "Baguisuo Noodles" themed tourist train with rice noodle display area on boardCNKaohsiung Pier 2 "Forced Town" comes on stage to make life easier: the market with the most Taiwanese-sounding homophonic memes in historyGLOBALThe Trump coalition is shattered - what will Republicans do now?KRMy Chemical Romance, first performance in Korea in 18 years... 20,000 people singing along to warm up the coldCNJapanese super grandma lived to be 106 years old without children Qiu Qinyi: Know how to cherish and let goCNYouth Olympic 3X3 Women's Basketball Team"Taiwanese young player is awesome! 2 consecutive wins in the group stage to advance to the quarterfinalsINRohit Sharma enters record books with historic feat in rain-hit Wellington ODIJPDream unfulfilled for the first time in 12 years: Japan's runner-up showing growth - U17 Women's World Cup soccer
Back德國青年示威反映未來焦慮 學者:悲觀助長政治極化
德國青年示威反映未來焦慮 學者:悲觀助長政治極化
Developing
中央社34 minutes agoWorld4 min readChinaView translation

德國青年示威反映未來焦慮 學者:悲觀助長政治極化

史蒂芬·毛分析德國青年抗議背後的社會向上流動受阻與民主制度困境

Quick Look

德國34座城市於10月31日爆發青年示威,抗議教育資源不足、生活成本高漲、徵兵政策及氣候保護不力。社會學家史蒂芬·毛指出,德國社會正從相信生活會愈來愈好轉向普遍擔憂國家持續衰退,極右翼另類選擇黨可能從中受益。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德國近日爆發全國性青年示威,34座城市於10月31日響應「Z世代治理」號召上街抗議。社會學家史蒂芬·毛接受德國商報專訪,分析抗議背後的社會向上流動受阻、政治代表性不足及民主制度困境。

Font size

德國近日爆發全國性青年示威,反映年輕世代對未來的不安。德國知名社會學家史蒂芬·毛指出,德國社會正從相信生活會愈來愈好,轉向普遍擔憂國家持續衰退;傳統政黨無力回應民眾的不滿,極右翼另類選擇黨將從中受益。

10月31日德國34座城市響應青年倡議組織「Z世代治理」(Gen Z regelt)號召,上街抗議教育資源不足、生活成本高漲、徵兵政策及氣候保護不力等問題。多數集會和平進行,但部分城市晚間爆發暴力衝突,引發德國對青年抗議運動討論。

柏林洪堡大學(Humboldt University of Berlin)社會學家毛(Steffen Mau)近日接受德國商報(Handelsblatt)專訪指出,這波抗爭反映年輕世代對既有政治體制的不滿。他認為,德國青年沒有充分反映在政治決策中,加上職涯前景不明、社會向上流動機會受阻,長期累積的挫折與不安,成為走上街頭的原因。

青年抗爭背後:向上流動受阻、政治代表性不足

毛指出,過去人們相信下一代有機會過得比上一代更好,但如今社會向上流動的管道逐漸受阻,即使出身高學歷家庭的年輕人,也難以確保擁有穩定的職業生涯。加上COVID-19疫情的影響,以及人工智慧對未來就業帶來的不確定性,進一步加深青年對前途的焦慮。

他援引德國社會學家貝克(Ulrich Beck)的比喻指出:「過去人們相信社會有一部集體向上的電梯,如今卻覺得所有人正搭著電梯一起往下沉。」

毛表示,這種悲觀情緒已不限於年輕世代。無論個人經濟條件如何,德國民眾普遍感到國家正在走下坡,形成集體的衰退意識。

除了經濟與職涯前景的不安,青年也感到自身訴求未獲政治充分重視。毛指出,年輕世代人口較少,在選舉中的影響力相對有限,政治人物因此傾向優先照顧50歲以上選民的利益,使年輕人更加不滿既有政治體制。

社群媒體加劇社會極化 街頭抗議難轉化為政治力量

儘管近期歐洲多國接連出現青年抗爭,毛對這股浪潮能否在德國發展為長期政治運動抱持保留態度。

他回顧2021年德國大選期間,年輕人曾積極動員,要求政黨重視氣候政策,當時外界認為瑞典氣候運動少女童貝里(Greta Thunberg)所代表的年輕世代,可能迫使德國政黨調整氣候政策,但這股動能很快消退。

毛以「過度政治化」(Hyperpolitisierung)解釋,社會議題雖能引發激烈討論與集體動員,卻未必能透過正式政治體系轉化為持續的政治影響力。

他指出,社群媒體已成為年輕人形成政治觀點的主要場所。相較於過去透過工會、職場及政黨青年組織建立政治認同,如今政治動員愈來愈依賴情緒,社群平台又特別容易放大激烈、對立的言論。

毛認為,傳統大型政黨逐漸失去與年輕世代的連結;相較之下,左翼與極右翼的運動型政黨更善於透過街頭抗議及社群媒體凝聚支持者。

其中,極右派另類選擇黨尤其擅長利用社會爭議累積政治支持。毛形容,該黨就像「政治上的攔路搶匪」,不斷抓住引發民眾憤怒的議題,透過對立與情緒動員獲得關注。

民主制度陷入困境:政府失能助長民粹主義

另一方面,德國政治困境不僅來自社群媒體,也與傳統政黨缺乏清晰的未來願景,以及政府改革執行能力不足有關。

毛指出,德國傳統中間派政黨逐漸失去主導設定政治議程的能力,只能被動回應社會爭議。有時甚至採用另類選擇黨的政治語言,反而強化極右翼影響力。

以德國總理梅爾茨(Friedrich Merz)為例,毛形容其施政處於「閃爍模式」,政策方向容易隨輿論變化而搖擺。雖然梅爾茨能清楚指出德國面臨的問題,但其所屬的基民黨(CDU)缺乏完整政策理念,與社民黨(SPD)組建的聯合政府也未展現改革執行力。

毛進一步指出,德國聯邦制度的基本架構建立於1949年,隨著社會日益複雜,聯邦政府與邦政府之間繁複的決策程序,使政府運作過於遲緩。

「不斷在老舊硬體上安裝新軟體,最終可能導致整個系統當機。」毛認為,這種制度困境反映民主政治的矛盾:原本為防止權力濫用而建立的制衡機制,卻可能因決策效率低落,削弱民眾對民主的信任,甚至使部分年輕人開始期待強人政治,助長民粹現象。

毛是德國知名社會學家,長期研究社會不平等與政治極化,過去曾主張德國社會並未如政治辯論呈現的那般分裂。然而,他在這次專訪中坦言,政治極化正逐漸加深德國社會分歧,變化速度超出原先預期。(編輯:陳承功)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 極右翼另類選擇黨將從青年不滿與社會極化中獲得更多政治支持

    Likely · Within months

  • 德國政治極化將繼續加深,民主制度信任可能進一步削弱

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 青年示威是否會發展為長期政治運動
  • 德國政府將採取何種具體措施回應青年訴求
  • 另類選擇黨能從中獲得多少政治支持

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中央社.

Related Stories

Southeast Asian police teams go to "Village Super League" to play football
Developing·

Southeast Asian police teams go to "Village Super League" to play football

The 2026 Lancang-Mekong Police Football Game was held in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province. A team composed of law enforcement agencies from Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam competed with the Rongjiang "Village Super League" football team on the same field to meet friends through football to deepen people-to-people and cultural exchanges, implement the spirit of the Six-Country Ministerial Conference on Law Enforcement Security Cooperation, and promote deeper and more solid regional law enforcement and security cooperation.

中国新闻网
3 min read
The 23rd Beijing Forum opens
BREAKING·

The 23rd Beijing Forum opens

The 23rd Beijing Forum opened in Beijing on November 6, with the theme of "Technological Change and Diversified Civilizations". Nearly 400 guests and scholars from 29 countries and regions participated. The forum launched the Asian Artificial Intelligence Network Initiative, which will include 10 sub-forums, 2 special forums and 3 overseas forums to discuss issues such as mutual learning among civilizations and technology for good.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Could King Charles III of England visit China? Royal aide: Will consider carefully
Developing·

Could King Charles III of England visit China? Royal aide: Will consider carefully

King Charles III of the United Kingdom does not rule out visiting China. If he does, he will become the first British monarch to visit China in 40 years. Royal aides said they would consider it carefully if invited by the government. Relations between Britain and China have been tense in recent years, and the Prime Minister is pushing for a warmer relationship. Charles' recent trip to the Caribbean highlighted his role in dealing with sensitive issues.

中央社
2 min read
The 24-year-old suspect in the Polish shooting was suspected of being obsessed with far-right ideologies. Three more bodies were found in his home, which may be close relatives.
BREAKING·

The 24-year-old suspect in the Polish shooting was suspected of being obsessed with far-right ideologies. Three more bodies were found in his home, which may be close relatives.

A shooting occurred in the historic center of Krakow, Poland, killing six people and injuring at least 15 others. The 24-year-old Polish suspect opened fire randomly in the Central Market Square, and the police found the bodies of three close relatives in his residence. Prime Minister Tusk defined this as an act of terrorism and declared two days of mourning.

中央社
2 min read
A 5.7-magnitude earthquake hits central Japan in the early morning, 12 injured
BREAKING·

A 5.7-magnitude earthquake hits central Japan in the early morning, 12 injured

A 5.7-magnitude earthquake occurred in central Japan at 1:04 a.m. local time on the 8th. The epicenter was located in the western part of Shizuoka Prefecture. The maximum magnitude of the earthquake was 5.0 in Chita City, Aichi Prefecture, injuring 12 people. The Japan Meteorological Agency has determined that the state of the Nankai Trough plate junction will not be affected, but it calls for attention to the possibility of an earthquake with a maximum magnitude of 5 in the coming week.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic德國