
英國研究團隊透過小鼠骨髓模型發現,腸道發炎會改變骨髓環境,導致HMGB2分子增加,進而重新激活休眠的乳癌細胞,提高轉移性腫瘤生長風險,但強調發炎不代表癌症一定復發。
AI-generated summary
乳癌細胞常轉移至骨髓並進入休眠狀態,此時較不易受免疫系統攻擊且能抵抗化學治療。研究團隊開發小鼠骨髓模型以觀察休眠癌細胞的行為。
〔編譯謝宜哲/綜合報導〕英國1項研究發現,身體對發炎的反應可能會干擾多年來一直處於休眠狀態的癌細胞,並讓這些癌細胞有機會重新活化與生長。此研究發表在《細胞報告》期刊上。
根據科學網站《SciTechDaily》報導,乳癌細胞經常會轉移至骨髓,且當這些癌細胞進入休眠狀態時,便能較不容易受到免疫系統的攻擊,也更能抵抗化學治療。英國弗朗西斯.克里克研究所的研究團隊開發出小鼠骨髓模型,並在模型中發現腸道發炎可能使處於休眠狀態的乳癌細胞重新活化。
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由於普通小鼠壽命有限,無法讓研究團隊花費數年觀察其體內休眠的癌細胞是否重新活化,因此研究人員決定開發特殊模型。研究團隊先前已開發出骨髓外骨骼模型,這類仿生骨組織包含製造血球所需的骨髓細胞,且能像天然骨髓一樣,對發炎訊號做出反應。研究人員將來自小鼠乳腺腫瘤的細胞加入仿生骨組織後,大多數癌細胞都進入休眠狀態,只有少數細胞偶爾進行複製。
完成小鼠骨髓模型後,研究團隊得以探討,身體其他部位發生的事件會如何影響處於靜止狀態的癌細胞。骨折及其他骨骼損傷可能促進骨髓中的轉移性癌細胞生長,但研究人員希望進一步確認,發生在距離較遠部位的損傷或感染是否也會打破癌細胞的休眠狀態。
研究團隊在小鼠身上誘發腸道發炎,發現隨著骨髓環境改變,開始分裂的休眠癌細胞也逐漸增加,進而提高腫瘤形成的可能性。研究人員解釋,當腸道發炎時身體會啟動免疫反應,製造更多免疫細胞來對抗發炎,由於仿生骨組織能夠對免疫系統的訊號做出反應,因此腸道發炎也促使這些骨組織迅速製造更多免疫細胞。但為了增加免疫細胞的產量,骨髓內的環境必須隨之改變,而這些變化可能影響原本讓癌細胞維持休眠狀態的環境,使部分沉睡的癌細胞重新開始分裂、生長。
研究團隊接著分析骨組織及癌細胞中的基因活性,發現一種名為HMGB2的分子。當免疫細胞大量增加時,HMGB2的含量也隨之上升,且它還促使癌細胞重新活化。研究人員指出,骨骼為了因應發炎反應而增加免疫細胞的生成是身體正常防禦機制,打破癌細胞原本的休眠狀態,使部分癌細胞重新活化,增加轉移性腫瘤生長的風險。
研究團隊強調,發炎不代表癌症一定會復發。癌細胞重新活化可能是一個逐步累積的過程,每一次全身性的變化,都可能增加更多轉移性癌細胞從休眠狀態中甦醒的機率。
研究團隊聲稱,若能進一步了解感染、發炎及其他身體變化如何影響骨髓環境,未來或許有助於辨識休眠癌細胞重新活化的風險,並探索及早介入治療的可能性。研究人員補充,此實驗為動物性實驗,不一定完全適用於人類。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
未來將探索調節HMGB2或骨髓環境以預防休眠癌細胞重新活化的治療方法
Possible · Within months

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