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Back美期中選舉變天 學者估加速推《台灣保護法》及「六項保證」入法
美期中選舉變天 學者估加速推《台灣保護法》及「六項保證」入法
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自由时报50 minutes agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

美期中選舉變天 學者估加速推《台灣保護法》及「六項保證」入法

學者分析民主黨重掌國會後,對台立法與美中戰略競爭的新局勢

Quick Look

美國中期選舉後民主黨重掌參眾兩院,學者認為美中結構性競爭與跨黨派挺台共識不變,預期新國會將加速推動《台灣保護法》、《藍天法案》、《台灣團結法》,甚至將對台「六項保證」立法,台美關係有望全面向好,但需警惕川普可能在台灣問題上妥協。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國期中選舉後共和黨失去參眾兩院多數,形成「朝小野大」政局。國策研究院舉辦座談會,聚焦台美中三角關係發展。學者指出美中戰略競爭的結構性矛盾與跨黨派抗中挺台共識不變。

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美國期中選舉共和黨失去參眾兩院多數,面對全新「朝小野大」政局,國策研究院今(5)日舉辦「2026美國期中選後局勢與對台影響」座談會,聚焦台美中三角關係發展。學者指出,美中戰略競爭的結構性矛盾與跨黨派抗中挺台共識不變,隨著民主黨重掌參眾兩院,國會將對白宮形成強大制約,預期新一屆國會將加速推動《台灣保護法》、《藍天法案》、《台灣團結法》,甚至有望將對台「六項保證」正式立法,使台美關係全面向好。

國防安全研究院國防戰略與資源研究所所長蘇紫雲分析,美國國防外交與軍售雖由行政權發動,國會僅具審查權,但國會可透過立法產生強制效力,或以推翻總統否決權制衡。他預判,新一屆國會可能會重新提出《台灣保護法》,一旦台灣遭經濟脅迫、灰色地帶行動或軍事攻擊時,強制美國政府採取行動;另有授權落實台灣「主要非北約盟國」(MNNA)權利以深化軍工業合作的《藍天法案》(Blue Sky),以及賦予台灣更合理外交空間的《台灣團結法》。

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國立台灣師範大學東亞學系教授范世平也呼應,2018年川普第一任期中選舉民主黨大勝後,國會便推出《台灣旅行法》等友台法案,且川普當時皆選擇簽署。他特別點出,德國馬歇爾基金會亞洲計畫主任葛來儀(Bonnie Glaser)與聯邦眾議院美中戰略競爭特別委員會民主黨首席議員康納(Ro Khanna)皆曾提及,民主黨若在參眾兩院過半,極可能推動將1982年雷根總統提出的對台「六項保證」正式納入法律。

他說,由於今年2月與5月川普曾提及與習近平討論對台軍售,加上擱置一年的140億美元對台軍售案引起國會關切,且「六項保證」已先後納入兩黨黨綱,未來只差臨門一腳,就有望從非法律層次文件正式成為與《台灣關係法》同具法律位階的基石。

亞太和平研究基金會執行長董立文則直言,美國期中選舉結果無論勝敗都對台灣有利,因為美中關係受結構與戰略限制,美國跨黨派對華強硬的基本盤維持不變。他舉今年9月底川習會期間為例,民主黨參議員提出加強對中先進晶片出口管制的法案,共和黨參議院軍委會主席魏克爾(Roger Wicker)也公開反對高規格接待習近平,期間更有超過60位跨黨派參眾議員公開挺台。

他認為,川普面對敗選不會認輸,為在最後兩年執政找回面子,內政受阻下將在外交上放手一搏,中國智庫也判斷川普可能加速打台灣牌與對台軍售,台美外交、政治、軍事、經濟與科技關係都會全面向好。

國策院副院長郭育仁指出,共和黨此次在眾議院是雪崩式崩盤,「共和黨川普化」路線幾乎確定終止,黨內將迎來大規模權力重組;而民主黨有許多如傳教士、農民等非典型政治精英意外當選新科眾議員,台灣必須加緊腳步建立關係。他也提到,11月中旬即將登場的東協、四方安全對話(Quad)、美日韓峰會及APEC峰會期間的美中元首峰會,將可迅速看出川普在外交上如何回應期中選舉崩盤。

不過,中山大學中國與亞太區域研究所特聘教授、前監委林文程提醒,國會制衡力量上升雖讓台灣能稍微喘口氣,但危機並未完全解除。他分析,川普對中國而言是歷來最理想的美國總統,因他不在乎人權、稱讚習近平、願意交易且在國際搞得眾叛親離。

他指出,由於美中貿易休戰協議將於明年1月到期,川普為拉抬經濟可能尋求中國購買農產品以達成交易,台灣仍須密切關注接下來兩次中美高峰會川普是否會在台灣問題上妥協。此外,2028年適逢習近平第四次連任與川普任期最後一年,將是台灣相對危險、必須高度警惕的一年。

國策院院長田弘茂於閉幕致辭時則指出,傳聞美國在台協會(AIT)編制人數未來可能從現有約500人大幅增加至千人規模,且美國國防部人員也將進駐,顯示美方對台灣在第一島鏈戰略地位的重視與高科技供應鏈的連結不會改變。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 新一屆美國國會將加速推動《台灣保護法》、《藍天法案》、《台灣團結法》,並可能將「六項保證」正式立法。

    Likely · Within months

  • 2028年將是台灣相對危險、必須高度警惕的一年。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 新一屆國會具體何時會推動《台灣保護法》、《藍天法案》、《台灣團結法》?
  • 「六項保證」是否能正式立法並與《台灣關係法》具同等法律位階?
  • 川普在未來兩年外交政策中是否會在台灣問題上向中國妥協?
  • 美國在台協會編制人數是否會從約500人增加至千人規模?

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