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Back新华视点丨灵活就业人员看病报销如何更有保障
新华视点丨灵活就业人员看病报销如何更有保障
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

新华视点丨灵活就业人员看病报销如何更有保障

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国家医保局等七部门联合发布通知,开展灵活就业人员等重点群体参加基本医保提质专项行动,通过降低参保门槛、灵活缴费规则、打通医保转换通道等措施,提高灵活就业人员职工医保参保率,以提升报销比例和保障水平,缓解外卖骑手等新就业形态劳动者看病贵、看病难的问题。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

灵活就业人员等新就业形态劳动者因工作不稳定、收入波动大,长期面临参保门槛高、缴费不灵活等问题,导致职工医保参保率较低,看病报销比例低、个人负担重。

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新华视点丨灵活就业人员看病报销如何更有保障

新华社北京9月8日电 题:灵活就业人员看病报销如何更有保障

新华社“新华视点”记者彭韵佳

9月8日,国家医保局等七部门联合发布通知,开展灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员参加基本医保提质专项行动,将用3年左右时间,持续提高灵活就业人员等重点人群参加基本医保人数,特别是参加职工医保人数。

在哪常住在哪参保、灵活积累职工医保年限……这些举措会给外卖小哥、网约车司机等群体带来哪些利好?“新华视点”记者进行了采访调研。

参保举措更具针对性

每当腰椎间盘突出发作时,27岁的成都外卖骑手小陈都会去药店买几贴膏药,“去一趟医院,可能半天单就白跑了”。

2月16日,一名外卖员在河南焦作市温县街头骑行,为顾客送餐。 新华社发(徐宏星摄)

外卖骑手、快递员、网约车司机等新就业形态劳动者,长期奔波在外、久坐久站、饮食不规律,患腰椎间盘突出、肠胃炎等慢性病风险较高,既容易埋下健康隐患,也可能增加后续医疗开支。

一面是可能存在的健康风险,一面是“舍不得花钱看病”的现实困境,如何让这些劳动者看得起病、看得好病,成为政策设计的重要出发点。

国家医保局相关负责人表示,专项行动通过降低职工医保参保门槛、灵活缴费规则、打通两类基本医保转换通道等举措,为有条件的灵活就业人员提供更便利的保障通道。

——降低参保门槛。推动超大城市取消就业地、常住地参保户籍限制,让更多人可以在实际工作地参保;鼓励地方将灵活就业人员等纳入生育保险覆盖范围。

——参保形式灵活。考虑到外出务工的灵活就业人员等可能每年阶段性参保,允许其职工医保缴费年限按月累计,每满12个月计为1年;探索居民医保缴费年限折算为职工医保缴费年限。

——缴费方式多元。对灵活就业人员参加职工医保实行月缴,或探索实行按季度、半年、全年预缴。

中国劳动和社会保障科学研究院医疗保障和护理保障研究室副研究员赵莹表示,这可以让从业者根据自身收入节奏,在收入较充裕时缴纳更长期限的费用,使缴费安排与收入波动相匹配,有助于维持参保关系连续性。

鼓励更多灵活就业人员加入职工医保

“以前总觉得职工医保是正式单位职工才能享有的,现在我们骑手也有机会参加。”上海骑手车振宇跑外卖已有8个年头,去年开始参加职工医保,“上次去社区卫生服务中心看病,个人基本没花钱,压力小多了。”

《全民医疗保障“十五五”规划》明确,鼓励支持灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员参加职工基本医疗保险。为什么要让更多灵活就业人员参加职工医保?

算个人账单,不仅看病买药更便宜,还能把个账资金共享给家人。

安徽省合肥市医保局医药管理和待遇保障处处长葛慧敏给记者算了笔账,当地灵活就业人员职工医保每月总缴费约275元,试点期间由平台企业和个人各承担一半,个人实际一年缴费1600多元,而当地居民医保一年缴费约400元。

“算下来,每年多花约1200元,但换来的是更高的报销比例、更全的保障项目。”葛慧敏说,以2026年一季度为例,合肥职工医保、居民医保政策范围内住院费用基金支付比例分别为89.28%、73.79%,相差约15个百分点。

通俗来说,同样一笔符合规定的住院费用,职工医保由医保基金报销的部分更多,个人“掏腰包”更少。此外,参加职工医保的灵活就业人员能参加生育保险、享受生育津贴;达到缴费年限后,退休无需再缴费,就可以与单位职工一样享受退休医保待遇。

对于设立灵活就业职工个人账户的地区来说,其个人账户可跨省家庭共济使用,支持配偶、子女、父母等近亲属共享账户资金。

算社会账单,增强医保基金可持续性,有利于居民医保更多向低收入、非就业人群倾斜。

“我国医保参保结构优化的空间仍然较大。”赵莹说,鼓励更多灵活就业人员加入职工医保,让职工医保占比稳步上升、居民医保精准兜底的格局加速形成,可使保障层次与就业形态更加匹配。

医保权益可累计、可衔接,能降低灵活就业人员跨地区、跨平台流动的后顾之忧,也有利于劳动力在更大范围内优化配置,提升就业市场的匹配效率。

多方共担是关键

5月15日,在江苏省泰州市海陵区京泰路街道中骏商圈亲“新”驿站,医护人员为外卖员送上中医茶饮。 新华社发(顾继红 摄)

目前,灵活就业人员职工医保参保规模持续扩大。2025年全国灵活就业等其他人员参加职工医保6982.18万人,同比增长5.54%。

多地也在不断探索相关缴费模式与服务,为全国推开专项行动积累实践经验。

如江苏灵活就业人员省内就业关系变动的,缴费年限信息系统自动累计连续计算,缴费数据信息“随人走”;安徽合肥新就业形态劳动者可采取一次性或“零存整缴”方式缴纳职工医保费等。

专项行动明确,鼓励平台企业对稳定接单的新就业形态从业人员参加职工医保采取“个人缴费+平台补贴”、按单位职工模式缴纳社会保险等缴费方式。

目前,不少平台也在进行相关探索,如淘宝闪购面向稳定跑单的骑手提供灵活就业养老保险和医疗保险的补贴;京东对签订劳动合同、缴纳五险一金的快递员、分拣员、全职骑手等,提供更全面的福利保障。

“我现在每个月医疗保险费用359.81元、养老保险899.6元,在平台App个人中心上传缴费凭证,就可以等补贴到账了。”武汉骑手黄洋说,他每个月可收到平台的全额补贴,算下来相当于多了10%以上收入,还多了一份医疗保障。

也有平台负责人表示,一些众包骑手在多个平台自由接单,导致其在单一平台上收入较少,“有的众包骑手在单一平台月收入可能不到1000元,达不到缴费基数,所以也很难进行平台补贴”。如何让部分收入分散、身份模糊的灵活就业人员也能“够得着”保障体系,仍是待解的现实问题。

业内人士建议,破解灵活就业人员参保难题,需要多管齐下。既要用好政策工具,让企业更有预期、让更多人参保更便利,也要推动平台用工与社会保险参保责任逐步从传统劳动关系认定中松绑,建立与平台用工特点相适应的缴费责任分担机制,加强平台补贴的激励性和可持续性,还要用好大数据精准推送政策,在骑手驿站、零工市场开展通俗化宣讲,逐渐转变参保观念。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 灵活就业人员职工医保参保人数将在专项行动期间持续增长

    Likely · Within months

  • 更多平台企业将探索并推出灵活就业人员的社保补贴政策

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 如何确保收入不稳定的灵活就业人员能够持续缴费?
  • 平台补贴政策在不同地区和不同平台之间是否存在差异?
  • 跨平台流动的灵活就业人员如何实现医保关系无缝衔接?
  • 目前职工医保参保人数中灵活就业人员占比具体是多少?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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