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Back泰國收緊大麻管制 專家指假醫療單與黑市更應防患未然
泰國收緊大麻管制 專家指假醫療單與黑市更應防患未然
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中央社1 hour agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

泰國收緊大麻管制 專家指假醫療單與黑市更應防患未然

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泰國政府將收緊大麻管制,未來僅限醫療用途,業者稱政策頻繁變動導致投資難以回本,專家警告持有及消費規範可能仍存漏洞,非法市場難以杜絕。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

泰國2019年開放大麻用於醫療和研究,2022年開放一般民眾種植及消費大麻,導致大麻商店如雨後春筍般冒出,但2023年為泰黨政府上台後政策開始轉向,衛生部去年已禁止娛樂用途大麻銷售。

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(中央社記者李宗憲曼谷9日專電)泰國大麻放寬管制3年後,政府將收緊大麻管制,未來大麻只限醫療用途。此前,泰國衛生部已在去年禁止娛樂用大麻,要求醫療用途須有處方,專家認為持有及消費的規範,仍可能存在漏洞,更深層擔憂假醫療單、黑市和非法出口才應該防患未然。

泰國內閣9月22日通過大麻管制法案草案,將大麻用途限縮為醫療及研究,並送國會審議。在曼谷通羅區(Thonglor)經營大麻店的瓦莉塔(Waritha Sirithornsiraphathana)聽聞此事,無奈嘆口氣說,「不意外」,她告訴中央社,有關大麻的政策在過去幾年朝令夕改,幾乎讓她無所適從。

泰國2019年開放大麻用於醫療和研究,2022年開放一般民眾種植及消費大麻。此後大麻商店在泰國如雨後春筍般冒出,並出現以大麻為主題的各種娛樂項目。

不過,為泰黨(Pheu Thai Party)領導的政府2023年上任後,大麻政策開始轉向。衛生部去年簽署命令,禁止娛樂用途的大麻銷售。

瓦莉塔在2022年大麻放寬管制後,陸續開了3家大麻店,並經營2座大麻農場。去年,政府禁止銷售娛樂用大麻後,她的生意受挫,外國顧客明顯減少。

她向中央社表示,目前3家大麻店已關閉2家,每月收入約減少50萬至100萬泰銖(約新台幣47至95萬元),過去包括店面、倉庫及大麻農場在內,總投入資金逾500萬泰銖,並說:「當初投入的資金都還沒回收,現在不知怎麼辦,只能繼續做下去。」

她指出,政策改變後,農場也必須迅速轉型以符合醫療用途規範,當時,她在一天內砍掉大量植株,估計損失約400萬至500萬泰銖。

投入逾500萬泰銖 業者難回本

中央社實際到曼谷知名考山路(Khaosan)觀察,街上仍可見大麻店林立。據考山路商業協會統計,目前商圈有逾100家大麻店,大麻管制草案若通過,預估約一半業者可能被迫關門。

據泰國內閣通過的草案,現有大麻店未來若要續照,須轉型為醫療機構,店內要有醫療人員,大麻也只能依醫師處方提供,協會指出,這將使大麻店每個月增加約3萬至5萬泰銖的人事成本。

今年43歲的瓦莉塔向中央社透露,自己過去經營餐廳及從事室內設計,2022年大麻管制放寬後,因澳洲合作夥伴邀請,才開始經營大麻店和大麻農場,「沒想到大麻政策在短短幾年間,不斷收緊管控,造成生意重大損失」。

為了配合法規,瓦莉塔正修讀藥學,以因應醫療用途要求,另外,她所經營的大麻農場,過去使用的一般種植標準認證,未來政策改變後,也須符合醫療級規範。

加拿大成癮與心理健康中心(CAMH)專家班迪特(Bundit Sornpaisarn)告訴中央社,與大麻有關的法案草案過去曾被多次提出,卻受政治因素影響,始終未能完成立法,目前仍不確定何時能正式成為法律。

而且,他也指出,新法若實施,將進一步加強大麻種植管制,但對持有及消費的規範,仍可能存在漏洞。

管制趨嚴 專家憂非法市場難堵

班迪特解釋,新法主要加強大麻種植管制,但若合法購買須持處方箋,非法市場卻未能有效管制,仍可能出現假醫療證明及非法交易;此外,若持有管制不足,也可能形成非法出口空間。

一名不願透露姓名的外籍遊客向中央社透露,現在到大麻店取得娛樂用大麻仍相當容易,通常店家會協助取得醫療證明,以購買大麻。

班迪特表示,即使政府要求醫療證明,仍可能出現部分店家提供假的醫療證明。他認為,這是大麻政策目前需要處理的問題之一。

對部分外籍遊客而言,泰國大麻政策收緊未必影響旅遊計畫。來自瑞士的遊客亞歷山大(Alexander)告訴中央社,不論大麻合法或非法,都不影響他來泰國旅遊,他主要是因為喜歡佛教、認為泰國人友善而造訪。

遊客看法不一 專家籲公開討論

另一名來自古巴、已在泰國生活約3年的遊客吉吉(Gigi)則認為,相較於大麻產業已發展成熟的荷蘭,泰國相關法規變動較大,「今天會怎樣,明天會怎樣」,讓人難以掌握。

專家班迪特呼籲政府,在制定或修改大麻政策前,應納入更多公眾意見,他以加拿大為例向中央社指出,當地在娛樂用途合法化前,政黨曾公開討論政策方向。他說,相較之下,泰國當初以醫療用途為名放寬大麻管制,之後卻出現娛樂用途快速發展的情況,因此認為,「泰國的大麻政策究竟要採取醫療用途或娛樂用途,仍需要公開討論」。

至於對於大麻店業者而言,只盼望當局能給予清楚的政策方向。瓦莉塔說:「我只希望政府能提供更清楚的規範,讓業者知道如何在新制度下繼續經營。」(編輯:韋樞)1151009

珍愛生命,遠離毒品。可撥打毒品危害防制中心專線0800-770-885,尋求戒癮資訊及專業協助。

珍愛生命,遠離毒品。可撥打毒品危害防制中心專線0800-770-885,尋求戒癮資訊及專業協助。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 大麻管制草案將在國會審議後通過,未來大麻僅限醫療用途

    Likely · Within months

  • 部分大麻店將被迫關門或轉型為醫療機構,經營成本將增加

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新法何時能正式成為法律?
  • 持有及消費的規範漏洞將如何被補強?
  • 假醫療證明與非法交易將如何被有效管制?

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