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Back国际油价再度破百:美伊博弈下的全球经济账单
国际油价再度破百:美伊博弈下的全球经济账单
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中国新闻网29 minutes agoWorld6 min readChina

国际油价再度破百:美伊博弈下的全球经济账单

霍尔木兹海峡冲突升级,能源价格飙升引发全球通胀与增长担忧

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9月9日,布伦特原油突破100美元/桶。美伊在霍尔木兹海峡的军事博弈导致油价飙升,引发美国通胀压力、欧洲能源危机及全球经济增长放缓风险。市场担忧美联储重启加息,地缘政治冲突正演变为全球性的经济代价。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美伊在霍尔木兹海峡的军事对峙导致航运受限,引发国际能源价格剧烈波动。该冲突已持续六个月,对全球能源供应及通胀预期产生显著影响。

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时隔一个半月,国际油价再度破百。

9月9日,布伦特原油期货盘中突破每桶100美元,美国WTI原油每桶超95美元。高盛警告,油价甚至可能冲向每桶120美元。

这一次,主要推手仍是霍尔木兹海峡。9月伊始,美国宣称摧毁多艘伊朗油轮,伊朗随即宣布将再划航行“禁区”。军事与经济博弈交织,美伊僵持之下,风险不断外溢。加油站里的油价,就是普通人最先看到的战火账单。

第一笔账,美国自己先付。

美国汽车协会(AAA)的最新数据显示,9月8日,美国柴油价格创下每加仑5.9美元的历史新高;汽油均价则升至每加仑4.15美元,较一年前上涨30%。

油价联动通胀。

美国约九成家庭拥有汽车,约七成上班族独自驾车通勤,柴油则是卡车、重型建筑设备、农机等的燃料。二者成本上升,终将传导至运输及食品、建筑甚至家庭取暖的价格。

美联储9月议息会议在即,市场已开始讨论重启加息。穆迪美国首席经济学家认为,今年美国国债收益率上行的重要原因之一,就是这场战事。

千里之外的战火,将变成美国财政的利息负担。

物价这把火,还会烧到选票上。

距11月中期选举只剩两个月,路透社与益普索最新民调显示,美国总统特朗普的支持率已降至33%,为第二任期以来新低;约80%受访者预计美伊战事“将会持续很长时间”,生活成本已经成为选民最关注的选举议题之一。

美国参议院军事委员会民主党领袖杰克·里德说得很直白,“(在中东)六个月过去,(美国)一个目标都没达成。”

里德列了一张清单:政府开战前声称,要在数周内摧毁伊朗核计划、清除其导弹和无人机力量、瓦解其国防工业……六个月过去,清单上的目标一个没实现。不仅如此,还有18名美国军人丧生,700多人受伤,美国的国际地位被“大大削弱”。

美国付不完的账单,还在向全世界分摊。

先看能源账。

霍尔木兹海峡航运受限,海湾地区液化天然气出口受到冲击,欧洲天然气价格已飙至2022年底以来最高水平。寒冬将至,欧洲天然气储存设施填充率仅为66%,比去年同期还少了约12%。

再看利率账。

9月以来,冲突再起,国际金价却震荡下行,美欧日国债遭遇抛售,传统避险资产承压。

原因在于,市场给这场战事的定价,已经从“恐慌”转向“通胀”。

油价上涨推高通胀预期,进而抬升央行加息预期,债券收益率走高,黄金也受到压制。

外界普遍预计,欧洲央行9月加息几乎板上钉钉,日本央行加息预期升温,美联储9月加息25个基点的概率也超过六成。

还有贸易账。

冲突前,霍尔木兹海峡每天有上百艘商船通行,如今这一数字已降至约10艘,创下5个月来的最低纪录。

商船正在失去“不参战”的豁免权,军事与商业的界限变得模糊。

对航运企业而言,风险不再只是航线是否安全,还包括船只是否会因所属国家、货物来源或贸易关系,而成为地缘博弈的筹码。

一旦商业航运成为冲突双方相互施加经济压力的工具,战火的影响自然会沿着航线、港口和供应链一路传导。

最后一本,是发展账。

世界银行在最新《全球经济展望》报告中将2026年全球经济增长预期下调至2.5%。世行指出,伊朗战事已致能源价格大幅上涨,若能源供应中断加剧并叠加金融风险,增速可能放缓至1.3%。

四本账看完,答案已经很清楚:枪炮打不出安全,制裁换不来和平。

对话谈判,是给油价降温,更是给世界止血。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美联储9月加息25个基点的概率超过六成

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 美伊冲突是否会进一步升级导致全面战争?
  • 美联储是否会在9月会议上正式重启加息?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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