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Back月圆中秋:从古老观象到现代数字团圆
月圆中秋:从古老观象到现代数字团圆
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中国新闻网14 hours agoCulture7 min readChinaView translation

月圆中秋:从古老观象到现代数字团圆

探寻中秋节背后的文化根脉与传承

Quick Look

中秋佳节之际,山西晋城泽州县通过制作传统柴火月饼传承非遗民俗;与此同时,河南陶寺遗址与殷墟的考古发现印证了古人对天时的探索,现代数字技术则助力流散海外的甲骨文实现“数字团圆”。

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Why It Matters

中秋节于2006年被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。陶寺遗址观象台与殷墟甲骨文是中华文明探索自然节律的重要实证。

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早在四千多年前,中华先民便已仰观日月流转,探寻天地时序。千百年来,中秋习俗在各地代代传承,人们借一轮明月,传递真挚的问候与美好的期许。正如诗人李白写下的千古名句:“今人不见古时月,今月曾经照古人。”这一轮皓月贯通古今,也成为今人与古人跨越时空对话的精神纽带。

山西晋城泽州县珏山,自古便是赏月胜地,登山吟诗颂月的传统延续至今。中秋前夕,晋城市诗词楹联学会在这里举办了一场中秋诗会。

流传千年的赏月吟诗,正是晋城人中秋习俗的生动写照。如今,泽州中秋习俗已列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录,吟诗颂月、打月饼等特色民俗,在这份守护中,代代相传。临近中秋,珏山脚下的段河村,村民们燃起炭火,开始制作传统的柴火月饼。从揉面、擀饼、撒馅、捏花边,再到印上寓意吉祥的花朵,这祖祖辈辈传下来的手艺,也是村民以最朴实的方式,延续着乡土文化根脉。

打月饼要用的火炉十分特别,炭火在上,月饼在下。这样能让月饼不易烤煳,且出炉之后松软酥脆。正是这份诱人的香气让段河村人无论身在何方,都惦念着这份家乡的味道。

村中小晒场,几户村民搬来火炉一起打月饼。这些村民的孩子很多在外地,他们希望中秋时,孩子们能吃上自己亲手打的月饼。

与段河村相比,同属南岭镇的李寨村交通更加便利,柴火月饼在这里的销量也更大。李寨村的文化园里,十几个人制作柴火月饼,但依然供不应求。传统手艺得到市场认可,也吸引更多年轻人来学习、来守护。

傍晚,段杰敏帮着邻居大爷收好了晾晒的玉米,他的女儿也回来了。小姑娘和妈妈住在晋城市区。中秋回家,最高兴的就是和爷爷、爸爸一起,拿上竹竿到村头摘柿子。中秋采摘柿子也是当地的习俗。

山里的秋天,昼夜温差大,夜晚已经能够明显感受到秋凉了。打月饼的炭火仍在燃烧,整个庭院被烤得暖暖的。餐桌正中,从大到小摞起了五张柴火月饼,寓意五谷丰登、五福临门。按照当地中秋习俗,团圆饭少不了鲜果。石榴饱满,象征多子多福。祖孙三代采摘的柿子,象征事事如意。一年前,在外务工多年的段杰敏回到段河村,担任村支书,他一直琢磨着如何把祖传的打月饼手艺发展起来。

几百年来,中秋之夜燃起的炭火,温暖着太行山深处的村落,让乡土民俗薪火相传,生生不息。

同一轮皓月贯通古今,同样的土地承载着古今足迹。

在山西襄汾陶寺遗址,四千多年前的先民已经开始仰观日月流转,叩问天地时序,为后世埋藏下敬授天时的文明根脉。

在陶寺观象台,考古复原的第七号观测缝,是春分、秋分共用的观测标志。上古时,当朝阳正好出现在此缝正中,先民会由此判断二分时节。9月23日正值秋分,这道跨越了四千三百多年的光影,落在了考古复原观测原点,《尚书・尧典》中记载的 “历象日月星辰,敬授人时”,有了鲜活的考古实证。

陶寺遗址以观象台计年,以铜齿轮形器计月,有29个芒齿小牙的青铜器很可能是陶寺先民的“月相计算器”。既可用来推演阴历小月,也象征朔望月循环往复。

不仅在陶寺遗址,中华大地留存的多处文明遗迹中,同样留存着古人探索自然节律,顺天应时的文化印记。出土于河南殷墟的甲骨卜辞,记述了商王武丁时期至少五次月食观测。

殷墟出土的甲骨文保存了大量商代王室占卜、祭祀等信息,帮助今人了解商代社会。商人依据月亮阴晴圆缺确定月份,通过设置闰月,调节月亮周期与太阳回归年之间的时间差,展现出高超的智慧。

中秋佳节,皓月当空,中国人总以一轮明月寄托团圆的心愿。这份对 “相聚”的期盼,同样落在三千年前的甲骨之上。早年,殷墟出土的一些甲骨流散海外,相隔山海,难以归乡。如今在河南安阳,科研人员正用数字技术,让这些漂泊的文明碎片,迎来一场特殊的团圆。

在安阳师范学院,甲骨文信息处理教育部重点实验室发起了“全球数字甲骨回归计划”——对散落在海外的甲骨进行全信息数字化采集,让它们以数字的形式,跨越山海,回归故里。

2019 年,甲骨文实验室建成上线“殷契文渊”大数据平台,平台收录上百部甲骨著作、20 余万幅甲骨图像,免费向公众开放。2025 年,实验室联合腾讯、厦门大学,研发出全球首个甲骨文智能体“殷契行止”,借助人工智能辅助拼合甲骨碎片、解读尚未识别的甲骨文。

月圆中秋,礼续千年。2006 年,中秋节列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,作为承载团圆文化的传统民俗,代代传承。

中秋佳节,安阳师范学院秋水文学社也举办了一场中秋雅集。同学们玩起了飞花令,将“月”字作为令字,轮流吟诵含月的诗句,在平仄韵律中,感受那份寄托在月光里的家国团圆与美好祝愿。

Open Questions

  • 全球数字甲骨回归计划的后续数字化进度如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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