律师提醒类似协议含畸高违约金等不合理加重骑手责任的条款
外卖骑手王亮住院期间被某律所业务员上门承诺帮理赔,签约后律所未积极推进,骑手自行理赔获赔,律所却起诉索要1万元违约金。法院认定其中一份合同无效,另一份虽有效但律所存在过错,驳回违约金诉求。律师提醒此类协议常含不合理条款。
AI-generated summary
外卖骑手王亮在送单返回住所途中摔伤住院,住院期间被一名自称来自湖北某律所的业务员上门,承诺帮助办理理赔。出院后王亮与该律所签订2份民事委托代理合同,约定案件标的款若达3万元以上,超过3万元部分作为律所代理费;若未达到3万元,律所不收取代理费。王亮随后自行通过平台理赔,获得显著高于律所方案的理赔金额。2025年10月21日,王亮寄出解除委托代理合同通知函,2026年3月19日收到法院短信,律所要求他赔付1万元违约金。
受伤住院后,“律所业务员”上门称伤情不达标并承诺“帮理赔”
骑手自行理赔反被索万元违约金,法院驳回律所诉求
律师提醒,类似协议包含畸高违约金等不合理加重骑手责任的条款
本报讯(记者王羡茹)“我就是在医院被找上的。对方说我的伤情达不到伤残标准,理赔金额不会太高,并承诺提供法律服务。”11月11日,来自湖北武汉的外卖骑手王亮告诉记者,本以为能获得专业理赔的帮助,没想到却惹上官司。
2025年8月15日,王亮在送单结束返回住所的途中摔伤住院。住院期间,一名自称来自湖北某律所的业务员进入病房,表示可以帮助办理理赔。出院后,王亮前往律所与对方签订2份民事委托代理合同。双方约定,案件标的款若达3万元以上,超过3万元部分作为律所代理费;若未达到3万元,律所不收取代理费。
随后,王亮感觉律所并未积极推进理赔事宜,他尝试通过平台自行理赔,很快便有保险公司理赔员和他联系,并提出显著高于律所方案的理赔金额。“流程非常顺利,也没有遇到律所提到的各种困难和阻碍,理赔款已全部到账。”王亮怀疑,律所有故意误导或隐瞒的嫌疑。
2025年10月21日,王亮向律所寄出《解除委托代理合同通知函》。让他没想到的是,2026年3月19日,他收到了法院的短信,律所要求他赔付违约金1万元。
经过查询资料,王亮意识到是对方过错在先,合同无效,决定自行应诉。在实际审理中,法院最终认定其中一份代理合同无效;另一份代理合同虽有效,但律所在履行过程中存在过错,骑手并非恶意无故违约,驳回了律所的违约金诉求。
“律所没有提供实质服务,因此就没有报酬请求权,更没有违约金基础。”北京泽盈律师事务所律师林屾分析认为,委托合同以受托人处理委托事务为核心,上述案件中律所签约后并未积极跟进,骑手通过平台自行完成理赔,律所没有产生实际代理成果,也没有提供实质性的法律服务。
林屾指出,这类委托协议中往往包含无效的格式条款,例如设置畸高违约金、约定“骑手自行办理理赔即构成根本违约”、约定“最终解释权归机构所有”等,以此不合理加重骑手责任,免除机构自身责任。
美团骑手保险服务运营席永翔介绍,受伤骑手常会遇到各类打着“专业理赔”旗号的人员主动上门,宣称自己熟悉理赔流程,能帮助骑手获得更高赔偿。“表面上看,骑手获得了法律服务,实际可能在不知情的情况下签下高额风险代理协议。”席永翔说,一旦骑手选择自行理赔,或者不愿支付约定费用,就可能遭遇被起诉、索要违约金等纠纷。
林屾提醒,遇到这类诉讼,骑手要稳住心态、坚决应诉,并整理好与对方的聊天记录、平台理赔记录、医院病历和合同原件等材料,同步向司法部门或金融监管部门等多渠道投诉。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
监管部门可能对律所代理合同中的畸高违约金条款进行整治
Possible · Within months
类似骑手自行理赔后被律所索要违约金的案件可能继续出现
Likely · Within months

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