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Back(经济观察)勿将贸易账算在汇率上 人民币涨跌由市场决定
(经济观察)勿将贸易账算在汇率上 人民币涨跌由市场决定
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中国新闻网2 hours agoBusiness5 min readChinaView translation

(经济观察)勿将贸易账算在汇率上 人民币涨跌由市场决定

《中国人民银行关于人民币汇率的政策立场》近日发布,重申实行市场化汇率制度。

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中国人民银行近日发布《中国人民银行关于人民币汇率的政策立场》,强调人民币汇率由市场供求决定,中国无意通过货币贬值获取贸易竞争优势,并指出中国外贸竞争力建立在产业链与产业升级之上。

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Why It Matters

面对贸易顺差,近期个别国家鼓噪人民币汇率低估,甚至试图强迫人民币升值。

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中新社北京10月10日电 (陶思阅)《中国人民银行关于人民币汇率的政策立场》(下称“立场”)近日发布,阐明中国官方态度。立场强调,人民币汇率由市场供求决定,中国无意通过汇率贬值获取贸易竞争优势。

该立场的发布需放在国际背景下看。面对中国贸易顺差,近期个别国家鼓噪人民币汇率低估,甚至要以非市场化的方式强迫人民币升值,利用金融市场与汇率层面的波动影响中国对外实体经济流量。

中国央行此时发布政策立场,再次重申中国实行市场化汇率制度,坚持让市场在汇率形成中发挥决定性作用。2017年之后,常态化干预彻底退出,即央行不设目标价、不扛盘、不强行干预。因为汇率弹性彻底放开,近几年人民币汇率双向波动越来越频繁,单边升值、单边贬值的时代已经结束。

中国首席经济学家论坛成员庞溟接受中新社采访时表示,人民币汇率是由市场供求决定的,经常账户差额与汇率之间不是简单线性关系,而是居民储蓄、政府财政、国内需求、产业竞争力以及国际货币体系等多因素共同作用的结果。

对于将贸易矛盾归结为所谓汇率问题的观点,立场认为,中国贸易发展根源于产业国际竞争力的提升。除中国外,一些经济体的产品契合国际需求,出口同样增长较快,并非由本币贬值驱动。

庞溟说,对于中国而言,保持人民币汇率弹性与不依靠贬值扩大出口并不矛盾。中国外贸竞争力日益建立在完整产业链、产品升级和生产效率之上,而非汇率价格优势。

中国宏观经济研究院市场所形势室副主任徐鹏表示,今年,在岸、离岸人民币对美元汇率双双升破6.7关口。在周边国家货币贬值的趋势下,中国没有选择以邻为壑、竞争性贬值的措施,是负责任的体现。

同时,“强行让人民币汇率升值是本末倒置的,会损害全球其他经济体”,中国金融四十人研究院院长郭凯说。近年来,中国对全球经济增长的贡献率稳定在30%左右,这说明中国是“增长引擎”,不是“失衡来源”。

央行有没有出手的时候?只有在极端行情时,央行才会出手稳预期。例如,在疫情突发和关税战等重大外部冲击时,市场出现恐慌和羊群效应。这不是中国的“独家”操作,而是国际通行做法。在2008年国际金融危机期间,一些国家曾开展外汇干预,避免本币过度贬值。

此次发声,央行亮明了立场:没有必要,也无意靠货币贬值换取任何竞争优势,从不搞竞争性货币贬值。“贸易失衡”是一个长期存在的现象,主要顺差国不断变化。央行认为各国都应推动自身结构性改革,逆差国应着手进行财政整顿,提高本国储蓄率和产业竞争力;顺差国应推动消费和投资增长。

Open Questions

  • 未来国际贸易摩擦将如何演变?
  • 央行在极端行情下具体如何稳预期?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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