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Back人工智能白宫峰会:科技巨头签署无约束力自律协议
人工智能白宫峰会:科技巨头签署无约束力自律协议
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德国之声yesterdayTech3 min readChinaView translation

人工智能白宫峰会:科技巨头签署无约束力自律协议

包括OpenAI、谷歌、Meta等在内的六家美国科技巨头老板签署了一份旨在规范人工智能发展的协议,但缺乏法律约束力引发质疑。

Quick Look

美国总统特朗普与30多位科技界领袖在白宫共进晚餐,最终由英伟达、谷歌、Meta、xAI、OpenAI和Anthropic六家企业签署了一份关于人工智能自律的协议。该协议包含内部监测、外部审计等四项核心内容,但因缺乏法律约束力和监管机构而遭到质疑。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

OpenAI、Anthropic和Google等企业的AI程序曾引发广泛愤慨,各界对AI行业进行监管的呼声日益高涨。

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协议的目标?

该文件篇幅不足400字,最核心的内容可以概括成四项:公司自行监测; 公司内部团队检查;外部机构独立审计;董事会独立委员会最终监督。

文件呼吁在网络安全、生物安全及化学威胁防范等领域,建立“稳健的内部控制机制”,要求企业确保自己的人工智能机器人不会“以非预期方式”,入侵他人系统。

协议在当下的意义?

OpenAI、Anthropic 和Google因入侵了其他企业甚至政府机构,引发广泛愤慨,尽管它们的程序当时处于所谓的受控测试环境中。

这一背景下,对AI行业进行监管以杜绝此类事件发生的呼声日益高涨。

不过,法国律师巴布里(Eric Barbry)告诉法新社,他对依靠行业自律解决这一问题并不抱太大希望。他问道,“如果企业不遵守这些原则,谁来惩罚它们?”

协议缺乏相应的监管机构,该文件中最有力的手段是外部审计,但这名律师指出,这并不能阻止智能体进行黑客攻击的事件的发生。

9月21日,在联合国大会期间,德国、加拿大等20多个国家发表声明,呼吁对最先进的人工智能模型进行强制性测试和独立审查。但是,美国、英国、中国、俄罗斯和法国均未响应这一声明。

协议有约束性吗?

在白宫签署的AI协议没有纳入法律,也未明文规定科技公司在违规的情况下,承担怎样的责任。 该文件在最后一段指出,“从长远看,将这些举措转化为法律或法规或许是合理的。”

虽然该文件没有法律约束力,但特朗普称它具有“道义约束力”。

法新社认为,这听起来力度有限,但有专家指出,此类自愿性行为准则“不容轻易忽视,”尤其是在监管呼声日益高涨的背景下。

哪些企业签署了?

9月29日晚,共有30多位美国科技界大佬在白宫与总统共进晚餐,但只有6个公司的老板签署了这份协议,他们是:英伟达的黄仁勋、谷歌的皮查伊、Meta的扎克伯格、xAI的马斯克、OpenAI的奥德曼以及Anthropic的阿莫迪。

人们注意到,微软虽然也正在开发自己的模型,同时也是OpenAI和Anthropic的主要股东,但没有在协议上签字。

特朗普总统将协议称为“宪法”,和说这是“极好的自我监管”举措,不过,科技界领袖们对此的反应算不上热情支持。Anthropic的阿莫迪认为这是一个开端,马斯克则表示,高管们实际上是同意“互相批改作业”。

Open Questions

  • 未来该协议是否会真正转化为法律或法规?
  • 未签署协议的微软后续会采取什么行动?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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