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Back中国经济增速高于预期 国内仍面临棘手难题
中国经济增速高于预期 国内仍面临棘手难题
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德国之声1 hour agoBusiness5 min readChinaView translation

中国经济增速高于预期 国内仍面临棘手难题

尽管出口保持强劲,但由于房地产危机持续以及国内需求不足,中国经济发展仍面临不平衡的挑战。

Quick Look

中国国家统计局宣布第三季度GDP同比增长4.5%,略高于外界预期,但由于房地产危机和内需疲弱,经济发展仍面临不平衡的挑战。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国第二季度GDP增长4.3%,为三年最低水平。官方今年预设的增长目标是4.5-5%。

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中国国家统计局周一(10月19日)宣布,第三季度,世界第二大经济体GDP同比增长4.5%。这一增速略高于此前外界预期。

第二季度,中国的GDP增长还仅为4.3%,是三年来最低水平。中国今年的官方增长目标是4.5-5%。去年,中国官方数据显示,达到了5%的预设目标。德新社指出,世界三分之一的经济增长来自于中国,但中国国内状况却面临棘手的难题。

中国国家统计局发言人毛盛勇对实现今年的增长目标表示乐观。对于第二季度增长乏力,他给出的解释是中东局势带来的油价状况。他同时预期第四季度会有改善。

毛盛勇表示:“也要看到,国际环境复杂多变,国内需求不足问题仍较突出,经济稳中向好基础尚需巩固。”

出口加速 贸易关系紧张的担忧加剧

中国经济发展仍十分不平衡。外贸保持繁荣:今年前九个月,中国海关数据显示,出口同比增长21.3%。9月的增长率甚至达到36.3%。特别是科技产品如半导体及人工智能电子产品的国际需求强劲,推动了贸易增长。

ITC市场分析师Andy Ji向路透社表示:“高科技产品、芯片、电动汽车及其出口价值反映出工业现代化的竞争实力。这一竞争力是真实存在的,并且持续增长。”

专家表示,国外需求继续支撑着中国经济。今年前九个月,中国的贸易顺差约9380亿美元(约合8340亿欧元)。巨额贸易顺差导致中国与重要贸易伙伴关系紧张。特别是欧洲对于中国廉价商品冲击本土制造商的担忧加剧。

工业也仍是经济的一个重要支柱。9月较大型企业的工业增加值同比上升5.5%,8月为5.2%。

房地产危机持续

中国国内状况则仍十分困难。尽管9月零售同比增长1.1%,高于预期,消费仍十分疲弱。许多消费者继续捂紧腰包。

投资方面显示出更为明显的疲软。对于新工厂、新设备、新建筑和基础设施的投资低于去年。1-9月,固定资产投资同比下滑7.2%。对于房地产开发的投资更是下跌20.6%。

房地产危机对经济带来多层次的冲击。许多住房价值缩水,房主因此不愿消费。建筑公司的新项目减少,外包工程也减少。与此同时,许多城市财政吃紧。

政府试图推动内需。10月起,中国实施对个人首套住房贷款提供财政贴息。中国官方媒体称,这是国家层面首次为个人房贷贴息。

国际货币基金组织近日对中国增长预期略有下调。今年的预测是4.5%,2027年则仅为4%。国际货币基金组织警告中国国内需求疲弱的后果,呼吁加强对消费的扶持。原因是,长期而言,通过推高出口平衡经济所面临的问题,其难度将进一步加大。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 国际货币基金组织预测中国今年经济增长为4.5%,2027年为4%。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 第四季度经济改善措施能否有效提振内需?
  • 欧洲将对中国高额贸易顺差采取何种具体应对措施?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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