Breaking
TRAtaşehir Municipality passed to AK PartyITCockroach party leader arrested before unauthorized demonstrationTRDeputy Mayor of Ataşehir Municipality has been announcedAUTwo 'very lucky' men survive light aircraft crash in fieldRUAndreeva reached the final of the tournament in BeijingRUIn Kurgan, residents of a five-story building where an apartment was on fire were rescuedCN(Direct attack) Conflict breaks out around BIGBANG! VIP queue was empty for 7 hours and I was angry: I underestimated Taiwanese fans.TRAttention YHT and train passengers: The validity period of open tickets has been shortenedTR'Isaias' alarm in the USA! 'Take your precautions tightly, the storm is at the door'ITConfindustria Etna, Sicilian road transport stopped from 16 to 22 OctoberTRAtaşehir Municipality passed to AK PartyITCockroach party leader arrested before unauthorized demonstrationTRDeputy Mayor of Ataşehir Municipality has been announcedAUTwo 'very lucky' men survive light aircraft crash in fieldRUAndreeva reached the final of the tournament in BeijingRUIn Kurgan, residents of a five-story building where an apartment was on fire were rescuedCN(Direct attack) Conflict breaks out around BIGBANG! VIP queue was empty for 7 hours and I was angry: I underestimated Taiwanese fans.TRAttention YHT and train passengers: The validity period of open tickets has been shortenedTR'Isaias' alarm in the USA! 'Take your precautions tightly, the storm is at the door'ITConfindustria Etna, Sicilian road transport stopped from 16 to 22 October
Back自由開講》沙崙別重演三接︰環評不能先談補償、後談迴避
自由開講》沙崙別重演三接︰環評不能先談補償、後談迴避
Developing
自由时报1 hour agoOpinion5 min readChina

自由開講》沙崙別重演三接︰環評不能先談補償、後談迴避

南科沙崙園區開發案面臨產業發展與生態保育衝突,環評應優先探討「避免損失」而非「事後補償」。

Quick Look

南科沙崙園區召開第二階段環評範疇界定會議,面對半導體與AI開發需求與東方草鴞等保育類棲地衝突,作者林仁斌指出環評核心應為「迴避優先」而非依賴事後生態補償。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

南科沙崙園區於9月18日召開第二階段環評範疇界定會議,引發外界對半導體園區開發與東方草鴞等保育類棲地衝突的討論。

Font size

◎ 林仁斌

南科沙崙園區9月18日召開第二階段環評範疇界定會議。這個約507公頃、以半導體與AI為核心的開發案,一方面承載台灣先進製程與產業發展期待,另一方面也涉及東方草鴞等保育類物種及敏感棲地。現在真正值得追問的,已經不只是「要不要開發」,而是當產業發展與生態保育發生衝突時,環評究竟應先問「怎麼補償」,還是先問「能不能避免損失」?

當產業發展與生態保育發生衝突時,環評究竟應先問「怎麼補償」,還是先問「能不能避免損失」?圖為沙崙產業園區。(台南市政府提供)

沙崙目前已建立生態保育協作平台,將生態調查、替代方案、區外棲地及「生物多樣性淨無損失」(NNL)等議題提前納入規劃。這使沙崙成為一場值得觀察的環境治理制度實驗。但平台做了多少工作,不應成為最後判準;真正的判準是︰這些工作有沒有能力改變開發配置?如果生態調查最後只是替既定方案尋找補償措施,協作就可能從「共同決策」變成替開發方案尋找合理性的說明會。

這讓人想起第三天然氣接收站的經驗。三接在藻礁爭議下歷經方案調整、配置改變與替代方案討論,最後形成不同於原始方案的開發配置。三接留下的真正問題,並不是異地補償一定無效,而是當開發與保育發生衝突時,環評究竟應把「避免損失」放在前面,還是接受損失後,再期待未來把它補回來?

小燕鷗的案例尤其值得沙崙記住。海洋保育署2024年度調查發現,桃園竹圍漁港已連續兩年沒有小燕鷗進駐繁殖,反而連續兩年在大潭工業區G3區沙灘繁殖。這提醒我們,生態補償不能只看服務了多少棲地,還要看目標物種是否真正使用、能否持續繁殖,以及替代棲地是否具有維持生態功能的條件。補償不能只是土地面積的加減法。

沙崙目前的NNL討論,其實已觸及這個問題。專家諮詢建議,NNL不能只計算面積增減,也應納入地景連續性、破碎化與多樣性。這代表NNL如果最後只剩「損失多少公頃、補回多少公頃」的土地帳,就可能失去維持生態功能的原意。真正的保育,不是找到另一塊土地補回面積,而是盡可能維持棲地的完整性、連續性與功能。

三接在藻礁爭議下歷經方案調整、配置改變與替代方案討論,最後形成不同於原始方案的開發配置。圖為中油第三天然氣接收站。(資料照)

因此,沙崙最需要避免的,就是「先開發、再想怎麼補」。如果開發配置已切割核心棲地,事後再用區外保育處理損失,環境治理就容易從「避免損失」變成「管理損失」。

這也涉及生態協作平台的真正價值︰它究竟只是開發方案的「潤滑劑」,還是能真正成為開發方案的「修正器」?協作的意義,不是讓各方最後找到一個勉強可以接受的補償數字,而是在開發配置尚未定型時,就有機會改變選址、範圍與空間配置。

更值得注意的是,這也符合台積電自己公開的生物多樣性治理原則。台積電採用「避免、減少、復育及抵減」的衝擊減輕架構,其中「避免」被放在最前面。既然避免負面影響是企業自然治理的第一順位,沙崙也更應回答︰在決定開發之前,究竟還能避免多少?

半導體產業當然重要,台灣也需要土地與產業發展;但越是重要的開發案,越不能降低環境審查標準。環評不是要找一個「大家都滿意的損失」,而是要把環境代價說清楚、評估清楚,並依序確認哪些影響可以避免、哪些必須減輕,以及哪些才有討論補償的空間。

半導體產業當然重要,但越不能降低環境審查標準。圖為半導體廠。(資料照)

沙崙真正要回答的,不是「要補多少棲地」,而是「能不能在源頭少造成一些傷害」;不是「開發後怎麼補救」,而是「開發之前,有沒有真正做到迴避」。生態補償可以是最後一道防線,卻不能變成選址不當的萬靈丹。

三接的經驗也提醒我們,補償不是終點,長期監測與生態成果驗證同樣重要;但更重要的是,能在開發前避免的損失,就不應把希望寄託在開發後的補償。沙崙二階環評真正該留下的,不是一張補償清單,而是一個「迴避優先」的治理答案。

(作者為台灣永續治理論壇發起人、文化大學副教授)

Open Questions

  • 沙崙園區開發案最終是否會調整空間配置以避開敏感棲地?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

Akio Yaita’s point of view》The Korean restaurant was smashed and the attack in Taichung looked at the cross-border “hit and run” violence
Opinion·

Akio Yaita’s point of view》The Korean restaurant was smashed and the attack in Taichung looked at the cross-border “hit and run” violence

A Chinese restaurant named "Xi Jinping" in Seongnam, a suburb of Seoul, South Korea, was broken into and vandalized by four Chinese men wearing hats and masks in the early morning of September 24 for nearly an hour. They sprayed paint and damaged equipment before quickly leaving the country and returning to China. The author Akio Yaita pointed out that the method of this case was very similar to that of the attack on a Hong Kong passport holder in Taichung in July this year. Both were cross-border "hit and run" acts. He called on the liberal democratic camp to condemn and establish a cooperation mechanism to prevent such violence from spilling over.

自由时报
3 min read
Free Talk" From Shen Boyang's appearance on "Shaokang War Room" to see the new pattern of the Taipei election campaign
Developing·

Free Talk" From Shen Boyang's appearance on "Shaokang War Room" to see the new pattern of the Taipei election campaign

Shen Boyang, the Taipei mayoral candidate of the Democratic Progressive Party, appeared on TVBS's "Shaokang War Room" to compete with figures from the blue camp. YouTube's show exceeded 140,000 people online at the same time, and the number of views on the pan-blue channel increased nearly six times in a single day. He elaborated on his stance on issues such as drugs and the death penalty, emphasized his willingness to continue the Twin Cities Forum without political preconditions, and clarified questions about national security and prison surveillance, demonstrating his stable mood and ability to speak.

自由时报
3 min read
Free to Speak》China and the United States join forces to track down fentanyl, intelligence cooperation comes to the fore
Developing·

Free to Speak》China and the United States join forces to track down fentanyl, intelligence cooperation comes to the fore

After the Trump-Xi meeting, the United States and China released the results of the meeting, reaffirming that the focus of anti-drug cooperation is on the control and criminal liability of fentanyl, new psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals. China has previously issued judicial interpretations to regulate the investigation, evidence and prosecution of cases involving fentanyl-like substances. The two sides have laid the foundation for cooperation through memorandums and agreements since 1987. In 2023, they established an anti-drug cooperation working group to continue exchanging intelligence and assisting in the repatriation of criminal suspects. Despite the intensification of strategic competition, intelligence cooperation has not been suspended.

自由时报
2 min read
Free Lectures" Successful Experience in Australia's Food Safety Legal System and Rule of Law (6): From Data Analysis to AI: The Present and Next Step of Australia's Food Safety Supervision
Developing·

Free Lectures" Successful Experience in Australia's Food Safety Legal System and Rule of Law (6): From Data Analysis to AI: The Present and Next Step of Australia's Food Safety Supervision

Australia's food import inspection system is shifting from traditional sampling to data-driven risk management. Based on the integration of IFIS, ICS and BICON systems, the government will establish an AI Safety Research Institute in 2026 and promote a national unified AI regulatory framework in 2027. AI will be used as a risk prediction tool to help improve the efficiency and accuracy of food safety supervision, achieving prevention beforehand rather than reaction afterward.

自由时报
3 min read
Quick Review》How can we get an AI park without electricity facilities? Huida can hardly call Taipei an encore!
Developing·

Quick Review》How can we get an AI park without electricity facilities? Huida can hardly call Taipei an encore!

Taipei Mayor Chiang Wanan proposed the vision of relocating Songshan Airport and developing it into an AI park, but did not provide a specific power plan and only emphasized the restart of nuclear power. The article points out that Taipei City lacks large-scale power plants, has difficulties in constructing substation facilities, and that Taipei Power has not received coordination from the Taipei City Government, questioning whether its vision can be implemented.

自由时报
3 min read
More on this topic沙崙園區