
惠民保因低保费和带病可保而走红,但高免赔额导致小病无法报销,健康人群流失。专家建议通过续保激励、分层产品和区域统筹优化设计,提升参保人获得感,增强产品可持续性。
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惠民保(城市定制型商业医疗保险)由政府指导、商业保险公司承保,保费低廉、不限年龄和健康状况,自2015年深圳推出首款产品以来,已覆盖超30个省份,累计参保人次突破2亿,旨在填补基本医保与商业健康保险之间的空白。
因保费低、带病可保而走红,却也因免赔额高被吐槽小病“够不着”——
一杯奶茶钱的惠民保如何更有吸引力?
专家建议,实施续保激励、设置分层产品、升级区域统筹,通过优化设计留住健康人群
阅读提示
价格亲民,不限年龄与健康状况的惠民保一经推出就迅速走红,累计参保人次突破2亿。然而,经过多年发展,一些问题也开始显现——近年来,多款产品停售,部分地区参保率增速放缓甚至下降。如何既守住普惠底线,又保持产品可持续?专家建议,在产品精细化上下功夫,提升参保人获得感,留住健康人群。
“花398元给老人买一份保障,觉得很值。”近日,文先生为77岁的岳父续保了大连普惠保的升级版产品。他告诉记者,岳父有基础病,能买的商保产品少且保费贵,普惠保价格亲民,不限年龄与健康状况,对老人来说是个好选择。
不过,文先生和妻子今年并没有给自己续保,而是购买了一款商业保险。他坦言,普惠保的免赔额是1.2万元,对年轻人和健康人群来说,普通的头疼脑热,医保报销后,自付费用很难超过免赔额。
文先生一家的选择颇具代表性,也折射出惠民保发展中面临的深层矛盾。
惠民保,全称城市定制型商业医疗保险,各地叫法有所不同,如“普惠保”“沪惠保”“惠桂保”等。该保险由政府指导、商业保险公司承保,每年保费从几十元到二三百元不等,因投保门槛低、覆盖范围广,一经推出便广受欢迎。
然而,经过多年发展,一些问题也开始显现——近年来,多款惠民保产品停售,部分地区参保率增速放缓,甚至下降。惠民保为何吸引力减弱?要想更好地发挥医保的“补充”作用,它的下一步该往哪走?
填补医保、商保空白地带
文先生给记者算了一笔账:这两年岳父多次住院,普惠保2025年度赔付了6500余元,2026年度赔付了近2200元,减轻了家里的经济负担。更让他感到贴心的是,“普惠保与医保实现了‘出院一站式结算’,无需垫付资金,也不用跑腿和准备材料。”
记者梳理发现,自2015年深圳推出全国首款惠民保产品以来,多地相继推出相关产品,2020年市场迎来爆发期。数据显示,惠民保目前已覆盖超30个省份,累计参保人次突破2亿。复旦大学发布的《2025年城市定制型商业医疗保险(惠民保)知识图谱》显示,截至2025年7月末,全国累计推出313款惠民保产品,市场正从“增量扩张”转向“存量优化”。
“惠民保有效衔接了基本医保与商业健康保险,填补了两者之间的空白地带。”谈及推出惠民保的政策初衷,中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授娄宇表示,一方面,基本医保“保基本”,待遇水平有限,医保目录外的自费药、高价特药等可能成为重大疾病家庭的沉重负担;另一方面,传统商业健康险参保门槛高,往往对年龄、既往病史有严格限制,高龄老人、已患病人群难以投保,而这部分群体恰恰是大病高风险人群。就此而言,惠民保提升了群众的保障可及性,有助于降低因病致贫、因病返贫风险。
娄宇进一步分析称,“健全多层次医疗保障体系”已写入医疗保障法。这一体系中,除了基本医保、医疗救助外,还需要其他产品和机制来满足多样化保障需求,惠民保是其中的重要一环。
“价格低但性价比也低”
在娄宇看来,经过10余年发展,惠民保的制度价值已得到充分验证,但也告别了高速扩张期。
娄宇分析,目前,绝大多数地级市已上线惠民保,没有大量空白市场可供挖掘,增长只能依靠存量续保。同时,早期不少地方把惠民保参保率纳入行政考核,依靠社区、单位力量动员参保,后续政策明确惠民保属于自愿投保的商业保险,也在一定程度上导致了参保率回落。
惠民保“卖不动”也与其规则设计有关。
中央财经大学法学院副教授陈飞告诉记者,惠民保保费低廉、筹资规模有限,为保证产品运营,各地采取了一定的风控措施,例如设置较高的免赔额或起付门槛、控制报销比例等,这也导致部分参保人群获得感不高。数据显示,目前全国仅有约21.3%的惠民保产品保障金额在100万元以上,74.56%的产品赔付比例在60%及以下。
“价格低但性价比也低。”采访中,多位80后、90后参保人用“鸡肋”形容惠民保。
记者注意到,在社交平台和黑猫投诉平台上,多位网友发帖质疑当地惠民保存在内容条款难辨别等问题。
娄宇也注意到,保险公司侵害消费者权益的事件时有发生:“比如,前期宣传时容易强调‘百万保障、几十元保费’,但对免赔、免责、既往症限制等合同条款披露不足,导致参保人申请理赔时产生落差,进而引发消费纠纷。”
“对于惠民保,带病的参保人续保意愿很强,而健康、低风险的参保人群逐渐流失,导致保险公司赔付压力越来越大,只能下调保障水平,最终也会影响带病参保人的购买积极性。”娄宇说。
从“有没有”到“好不好”
如何平衡普惠性与可持续性,是惠民保迭代升级不得不考虑的问题。
娄宇建议,各地保险公司应在产品精细化上下功夫,根据地方人口结构、疾病谱、医保基金情况等打磨方案、设计待遇。例如,在老龄化程度高、重病负担重的地区,侧重特药、住院自费保障责任;在年轻人口多的地区则可适度拓展保障责任。同时,精简保险条款,清晰披露免赔、既往症限制,树立良好口碑。
“关键是扩大参保基数,通过优化设计将更多健康群体留在风险池内,并吸引新的健康群体加入风险池。”陈飞建议,实施续保激励机制,连续参保者可享优待措施,用待遇杠杆留住健康人群;设置分层产品体系,推出“基础版+升级版”保障,既守住普惠底线,又满足不同群体差异化需求;考虑区域统筹升级,由市级惠民保逐步向省级风险统筹过渡。
截至目前,2026年度惠民保已在多地陆续生效,为吸引健康群体续保,不少地区对保障责任进行了调整。比如,对于健康人群,“北京普惠健康保”将自付费用起付线由3.0404万元降至1.5万元;对于连续3年参保且无理赔用户,“深圳惠民保”将“医保目录内费用保障”报销比例提升至90%,“住院自费合规药品、耗材、诊疗及检验检查费用保障”报销比例提升至75%;“沪惠保”则延续并升级了免赔额优待政策,基础免赔额为1.2万元,连续两年投保且无理赔的客户,免赔额下降1000元,连续三年则下降2000元……
总体而言,各地惠民保升级有两大发力方向:其一,从扩大特药目录、扩充健康管理等增值服务、开放医保个人账户支付功能等方面入手,提升参保人获得感;其二,从保费分级、实行梯度待遇、收紧既往症人群赔付责任等方面入手,优化参保结构和资金池结构,以增强惠民保产品运营韧性。
娄宇表示,当下,惠民保发展的核心矛盾已从“有没有”转向“好不好”,从“能不能做出来”变为“能不能做下去”。(记者 陈曦)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
更多地区将推出惠民保分层产品,提供基础版与升级版选择
Likely · Within months
连续参保无理赔的优待政策将在更多城市推广
Very likely · Within months
区域统筹将从市级逐步向省级过渡,以增强风险共担能力
Possible · Within years

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