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Back中國大學畢業生面臨就業寒冬,AI加速取代入門白領工作
中國大學畢業生面臨就業寒冬,AI加速取代入門白領工作
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

中國大學畢業生面臨就業寒冬,AI加速取代入門白領工作

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中國今年創紀錄的一二七〇萬大學畢業生進入就業市場,經濟放緩與AI技術崛起雙重衝擊,導致傳統入門白領工作被取代,青年失業率居高不下,引發社會與政治風險擔憂。

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Why It Matters

中國經濟增長放緩,大學畢業生人數持續增加,就業市場供過於求。同時,人工智慧技術快速發展,開始取代傳統入門白領工作,加劇青年就業壓力。

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中國大學畢業生面臨就業寒冬,AI加速取代入門白領工作,青年高失業率恐成社會與政治風險。 (法新社檔案照)

〔編譯盧永山/綜合報導〕《紐約時報》報導,中國今年有創紀錄的大學畢業生投入職場,在中國經濟面臨放緩的同時,人工智慧(AI)的強勢崛起讓這群職場新鮮人的處境雪上加霜。AI技術已開始顛覆中國的勞動力結構,許多傳統入門白領工作被取代,並對青年就業造成結構性轉型壓力。

中國今年估計有一二七〇萬名大學畢業生,就像過去幾年的畢業生,他們面臨的是一個過度飽和的就業市場,在經濟成長乏力的情況下,他們必須爭奪日益減少的入門職位。AI帶來的不確定性也為他們帶來新挑戰,AI正在重塑各行業,並改變招募企業的關注重點。

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今年七月,中國城鎮不含在校生的十六至二十四歲青年失業率達十七.九%,大學畢業生嚮往的高薪工作增加速度,並未趕上大學入學人數激增的速度。中國領導人長期以來主要透過經濟繁榮的承諾來鞏固其政權的合法性,對他們而言,青年失業率居高不下,恐成為政治動盪的來源。

卡內基國際和平基金會(CEIP)中國AI倡議共同主管辛格(Scott Singer)表示,AI對青年失業率可能造成的任何負面效應,無論有多小,對中共來說確實敏感,中國非常擔心AI對就業市場的衝擊,這或許是他們目前對AI最關切的問題。

由於擔憂AI革命可能帶來的社會與政治動盪,北京當局正對企業施壓,要求他們避免裁員。中國政府已透過多起法院判決釋出明確訊號,表明不接受企業將AI 帶來的成本節省,作為解僱員工的理由。

專家指出,目前中國兩大僱用產業製造業和食品外送,最明顯感受到AI和自動化的衝擊,對白領工作的影響才剛開始顯現。

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中國政府將繼續對企業施壓,要求避免以AI成本節省為由裁員

    Likely · Within months

  • 青年失業率將在短期內維持高位,除非經濟顯著復甦或產業轉型加速

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • AI取代工作的具體範圍和速度是多少?
  • 政府施壓企業避免裁員的具體措施和效果如何?
  • 青年失業率高企是否會導致社會動盪或政治變革?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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