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Back地緣政治與通膨干擾短線 聚焦美日台基本面與 AI 擴產動能
地緣政治與通膨干擾短線 聚焦美日台基本面與 AI 擴產動能
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

地緣政治與通膨干擾短線 聚焦美日台基本面與 AI 擴產動能

Quick Look

中東地緣政治緊張推升油價,美國9月CPI高於預期引發聯準會升息擔憂,全球股市出現修正。然而,IMF上調全球經濟成長預期,AI基礎建設與半導體需求持續強勁,美股第四季展望正向,日股受薪資成長支撐,台股受惠於AI熱潮,固定收益市場面臨利率壓力但供給減少有助穩定信用債。

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Why It Matters

全球股市近期因中東地緣政治緊張推升油價,以及美國9月消費者物價指數高於預期,市場擔憂聯準會可能在10月會議上升息。然而,國際貨幣基金指出AI相關產業蓬勃發展帶動投資熱潮,對全球經濟形成正面支撐,並上調全球及台灣經濟成長預期。

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鄭筑文

受到中東地緣政治緊張推升油價,以及美國通膨高於預期引發聯準會(Fed)10月升息擔憂,全球股市面臨較為劇烈的修正。不過,觀察全球經濟成長仍具韌性,AI基礎建設投資與晶片需求持續強勁,預期在企業獲利動能持續擴散下,市場仍將回歸基本面表現。

全球經濟展現韌性,加上AI基礎建設與半導體需求持續帶動企業獲利,預計市場調整後將重返基本面成長軌道。(彭博)

根據美國勞工統計局公布,美國9月消費者物價指數(CPI)經季節性因素調整後月增0.6%,年增3.7%,高於預期的3.6%。而排除食品與能源價格的核心CPI年增2.6%,亦高於前月的2.4%,顯示物價壓力並未完全減輕。

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美股展望仍正向 日本基本面持續改善

不過,根據國際貨幣基金(IMF)最新發布的《世界經濟展望》報告指出,受惠於AI相關產業蓬勃發展,帶動相關投資熱潮,對全球經濟景氣形成正面支撐,預估2026年全球經濟成長率為3.1%,較7月預測上調0.1個百分點,2027年更將進一步成長到3.4%。

雖然通膨再升溫,但是美國非農就業數據意外轉弱,市場預期Fed本月會議可能先按兵不動的機率較高,而美股基本面並未轉差,第四季展望仍正向,惟短期波動度可能加大,投資氛圍將轉趨謹慎。

至於日股方面,日本8月薪資成長動能延續,基本薪資年增3.8%,維持近年高檔水準,實質薪資亦年增1.5%,連續維持正成長。在企業獲利穩健,勞動市場持續吃緊,加上明年春鬥加薪預期升溫,有望進一步支撐消費與內需復甦,可望為日股基本面提供支撐。

歐洲市場相對疲弱 AI擴產利多支撐台股後市

另外,歐洲市場受到債券殖利率上升、法國財政風險及高油價的影響,近期股市表現相對承壓。在高利率與通膨壓力對消費支出形成制約,儘管薪資成長及就業市場維持穩健,內需復甦力道仍顯溫和,使得歐元區8月零售銷售僅月增0.1%,低於市場預期的0.2%。

在台股方面,有鑑於全球對於AI投資熱潮和半導體需求走強,IMF將台灣2026年實質GDP成長率預測值由5.2%大幅上修至10.7%,顯示台灣經濟基本面穩健。由於AI需求與供應鏈擴產消息持續支撐市場信心,後續台廠的9月營收與第三季法說能否帶動獲利預估上修,將是台股行情能否延續的重要依據。

利率壓力仍存 供給減少有助於穩定信用債市

在固定收益市場展望方面,目前通膨與財政疑慮仍對債市形成壓力,若美國通膨壓力未顯著緩解,聯準會不排除持續緊縮政策利率。由於短天期美債對於政策利率變化的敏感度較高而顯著上揚,長天期美債則受通膨預期及市場資金需求支撐,所以上升幅度相對有限。進一步觀察整體30年期、2年期公債的利差呈現逐步收斂,整體殖利率曲線則趨於平坦。

另一方面,根據外資機構預估,2026年剩餘期間美元企業債的發行量約3,050億美元,第四季將是全年供給最少季度。其中,大型雲端服務商可能再發債500億美元,但相較年初迄今已發行2,530億美元的影響有限。若觀察淨發行量而非總發行量,第四季的供給壓力明顯減輕,將有利信用利差維持穩定。

(作者為大都會投信投資策略部副總經理)

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • IMF預估2026年全球經濟成長率為3.1%,2027年將達3.4%

    Likely · Within years

  • 台灣2026年實質GDP成長率預測值將上修至10.7%

    Likely · Within years

  • 第四季美元企業債供給將是全年最少季度,淨發行量壓力明顯減輕

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 聯準會是否會在10月會議上升息?
  • AI需求熱潮能否持續至2026年後?
  • 台廠第三季法說是否會帶動獲利預估上修?
  • 歐洲內需復甦何時才能顯著改善?

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