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Back通膨升息與 AI 變現疑慮 待浮額清洗後逢低布局
通膨升息與 AI 變現疑慮   待浮額清洗後逢低布局
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自由时报29 minutes agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

通膨升息與 AI 變現疑慮 待浮額清洗後逢低布局

聯邦投信基金經理人分析FOMC決策、半導體指數調整及台灣第三季GDP雙位數成長

Quick Look

美國10月FOMC維持利率不變但基調緩和,市場預期12月及明年第一季各升息1碼,終端利率達4.25%至4.50%。費半指數破底反映AI投資變現焦慮,台灣第三季GDP年增14.36%,內需貢獻高於淨外需,AI外需帶動內需投資全面擴散。

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Why It Matters

美國10月FOMC以10比2維持聯邦基金利率於3.75%至4.00%,但聲明將經濟描述由「穩健」改為「強勁」。9月PCE年增率升至3.6%、核心PCE升至3.1%。費半指數重挫並跌破7月低點。台灣9月景氣對策信號升至41分,連續10個月亮紅燈,第三季GDP年增14.36%,創近48年以來同期新高。

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目前全球經濟的基調仍圍繞在通膨及利率螺旋上,美國10月FOMC以10比2維持聯邦基金利率於3.75%~4.00%,Cook與Hammack主張升息1碼,顯示內部仍有緊縮聲音;但聲明將經濟描述由「穩健」改為「強勁」,並強調仍需累積更多資訊判斷後續政策走向,整體基調較先前緩和。不過9月PCE年增率升至3.6%、核心PCE升至3.1%,油價高檔、服務價格黏性及供應鏈瓶頸,使第四季通膨難以明顯改善;同時製造業與服務業景氣強勁,經濟仍有承受緊縮的能力,構成12月與明年第一季再升息的壓力。市場目前普遍預期12月及明年第一季各升息1碼,終端利率來到4.25%~4.50%。

受服務價格黏性及油價推升,9月核心PCE回升至3.1%,加上製造與服務業景氣展現韌性,市場預期12月及明年第一季將各升息1碼,終端利率區間估達 4.25%~4.50%。(法新社)

費半破底反映變現焦慮

近期費城半導體指數重挫並跌破7月時低點,反映市場對AI投資的評價已由資本支出越大越好轉為檢視變現能力與現金流。全球大型雲端供應商的AWS及雲端運算業者的Azure營收加速成長,顯示算力需求仍強,但五大CSP業者第三季合計自由現金流轉為負310億美元,資本支出超越營運現金流,且部分大型雲端服務業者又維持龐大投資與採購承諾,市場擔心其所帶來之折舊、融資及能源成本侵蝕回報,未來需持續舉債或發股募資,推升營運槓桿、稀釋獲利與增加信用風險;同時,若因此CSP業者資本支出增速放緩也可能壓縮半導體、電力與機電基建族群的獲利成長。另一方面,美國期中選舉由民主黨取得參眾兩院多數,並贏得多個資料中心大州州長選舉,短期可能使地方建照、用水、接電及電價分攤審查趨嚴,墊高建設成本並延後部分專案,高槓桿的Neocloud業者風險尤大;但已動工專案不易叫停,且AI生產力與美中科技競爭仍具跨黨共識,長期需求不致反轉。展望美股,CSP現金流轉負未必等於AI投資失敗,待市場消化融資疑慮、變現持續驗證後,優質雲端巨頭有望修復評價。

AI 外需帶動內需投資全面擴散

台灣總體經濟方面,9月景氣對策信號升至41分,連續10個月亮紅燈,創史上最長連紅紀錄,領先指標亦連續14個月上升,反映AI外需、設備投資與消費動能仍強,惟同時指標增幅收斂,顯示景氣高檔趨於平緩。同時台灣第三季GDP年增14.36%,創近48年以來同期新高,除商品出口年增44.6%外,更重要的是成長結構出現轉變,內需貢獻9.41%,已高於淨外需的4.94%。其中資本形成年增26.36%,企業因AI訂單能見度高而積極擴產;民間消費成長5.37%,顯示企業獲利正透過投資、薪資與財富效果擴散至內需。出口強勁亦包含價格與產品升級效果,台灣已由出貨量擴張,轉向高附加價值、定價能力提升,並帶動投資與消費的成長模式。

待籌碼沉澱迎接AI長期紅利

展望第四季,儘管市場對美國CSP業者資本支出成長能否延續、投資能否加速變現的疑慮升溫,民主黨勝選後可能加強資料中心建設限制也增添變數,但台灣廠商AI訂單能見度仍高,Vera Rubin即將放量,加上供應鏈瓶頸逐步緩解,可望持續推升出口;國內方面,廠商擴產投資、實質薪資成長及股市財富效果亦可支撐內需,全年經濟有望維持雙位數成長。明年經濟增速雖受高基期影響而放緩,整體基本面仍屬穩健。近期台股受美國AI概念股評價修正、CSP現金流與融資疑慮、油價及利率波動,以及民主黨勝選可能拖慢美國AI基礎建設等因素衝擊,短線回檔逾8,000點,市場甚至出現將本輪AI熱潮比擬為2000年網路泡沫的聲音。然而,兩者產業條件有明顯差異:目前大手筆投入AI的企業,本身多具備強勁獲利能力與健全資產負債表,且已建置算力仍遠不足以滿足需求,與當年網路基礎建設空置率偏高的情況截然不同。因此,現階段利空較偏向短期的籌碼與信心修正,AI長期發展趨勢並未改變,台灣仍是主要受惠者。操作上,建議待盤勢趨穩、融資浮額明顯減輕後,再篩選具長期競爭力的AI優質龍頭股,採分批、逢低方式布局,耐心掌握長期AI紅利。

(作者為聯邦投信股票投資部基金經理人)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國12月及明年第一季各升息1碼,終端利率達4.25%至4.50%

    Likely · Within months

  • 台灣全年經濟有望維持雙位數成長,明年增速受高基期影響放緩但基本面穩健

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 12月及明年第一季是否會如市場預期各升息1碼?
  • CSP業者自由現金流轉為負後,是否會持續舉債或發股募資?
  • 民主黨勝選後,資料中心建照與用水審查是否會顯著延後台灣相關專案?
  • 台股短線回檔後,何時會趨穩適合布局?

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