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BackAI崛起與經濟放緩:中國青年就業面臨結構性壓力
AI崛起與經濟放緩:中國青年就業面臨結構性壓力
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

AI崛起與經濟放緩:中國青年就業面臨結構性壓力

今年大學畢業生人數創紀錄,AI技術對傳統白領職位構成威脅,青年失業率引發當局對社會穩定的擔憂

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中國今年有創紀錄的1270萬名大學畢業生進入職場,面臨經濟放緩與AI技術顛覆勞動力結構的雙重挑戰。7月份16至24歲青年失業率達17.9%,北京當局擔憂高失業率可能引發社會與政治動盪,已要求企業限制裁員。

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Why It Matters

中國今年大學畢業生人數達到1270萬人,創下歷史新高。同時,7月份16至24歲青年失業率已達17.9%。

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根據中國教育部的數據,中國今年有創紀錄的大學畢業生投入職場,在中國經濟面臨放緩的同時,人工智慧(AI)的強勢崛起讓這群職場新鮮人的處境雪上加霜。AI技術已開始顛覆中國的勞動力結構,許多傳統入門白領工作被取代,並對青年就業造成結構性轉型壓力。

《紐約時報》報導,中國教育部指出,今年估計有1270萬名大學畢業生,就像過去幾年的畢業生,他們面臨的是一個過度飽和的就業市場,在經濟成長乏力的情況下,他們必須爭奪日益減少的入門職位。AI帶來的不確定性也為他們帶來新挑戰,AI正在重塑各行業,並改變招募企業的關注重點。

今年7月,中國城鎮不含在校生的16至24歲青年失業率達17.9%,大學畢業生嚮往的高薪工作增加速度,並未趕上大學入學人數激增的速度。中國領導人長期以來主要透過經濟繁榮的承諾來鞏固其政權的合法性,對他們而言,青年失業率居高不下,恐成為政治動盪的來源。

卡內基國際和平基金會(CEIP)中國AI倡議共同主管辛格(Scott Singer)表示,AI對青年失業率可能造成的任何負面效應,無論有多小,對中共來說確實敏感,中國非常擔心AI對就業市場的衝擊,這或許是他們目前對AI最關切的核心問題。

由於擔憂AI革命可能帶來的社會與政治動盪,北京當局正對企業施壓,要求他們避免裁員。中國政府已透過多起法院判決釋出明確訊號,表明不接受企業將AI帶來的成本節省,作為解僱員工的理由。

專家指出,目前中國兩大僱用產業製造業和食品外送,最明顯感受到AI和自動化的衝擊,對白領工作的影響才開始顯現。

Open Questions

  • 政府限制裁員的政策對企業營運效率的長期影響為何?
  • AI技術在中國具體取代了哪些類型的白領職位?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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