
台灣、日本、韓國出版界憂心文化保存與著作權問題
美國AI公司Anthropic被指透過台灣、日本及韓國經銷商大量收購數百公噸書籍,疑用於大型語言模型訓練。此舉引發出版界對絕版書毀損及文化保存的擔憂,並涉及著作權法中關於「合理使用」的法律爭議。
AI-generated summary
Anthropic曾因未經授權使用書籍訓練AI捲入Bartz案訴訟。法院裁定若購買書籍並逐頁掃描建立數位檔案,符合美國著作權法的合理使用。
近期台灣、日本、韓國陸續有數十、數百公噸書籍被收購的新聞傳出,收購管道從出版經銷商或二手書店都有,推測與美國AI公司Anthropic的「巴拿馬計畫」(Project Panama)有極高關聯。
韓國《中央日報》指出,自2024年11月至今的運輸記錄顯示,Anthropic向台灣圖書經銷商聯合發行(UDC)分16批次購買書籍,總共出口563公噸的書籍,最近一批訂單於9月4日抵達美國。值得留意的是文件中提及「來自中國的簡體中文書籍」,表示Anthropic可能透過台灣間接進口中文書籍。
今年全球各地開始出現大量二手書訂單,德國、日本、韓國等都接到神祕買家的大量訂購需求。韓國從8月起收到採購的諮詢,希望書店能以棧板或貨櫃規模,定期供應韓文圖書。日本7、8月收到數量異常的訂單,共計超過50公噸,約10萬冊的書籍,顯示書店或經銷商可能在不知情的情況下,讓作品成為AI公司的訓練素材。
實體書經過編輯、內容結構完整,並能補充有限的網路資料,有助於AI生成品質。蒐集而來的書籍會經裁切、掃描,再丟進碎紙機銷毀,當收購範圍擴及絕版書、稀有出版品,引發出版界對於文化保存的隱憂。
美國AI公司Anthropic先前捲入Bartz案,是由3位書籍作者針對未經授權使用書籍訓練大型語言模型而提出的侵權訴訟。法院判決結果出爐,若訓練資料屬於花錢購買,逐頁掃描,建立數位檔案來訓練AI,由於並非重製或外洩著作內容,故符合美國著作權法的合理使用。若訓練資料來自盜版資料庫,則因管道來源本身即具非法性,無法構成合理使用。
案件最後以每本書賠償3000元美金達成和解,諾貝爾文學獎得主韓江與多位韓國作家也都符合賠償資格。不過須注意的是,和解範圍並不包含AI生成內容的潛在侵權問題。AI公司跨國採購書籍的網絡之中,人工智慧、法律、出版產業等構成的龐大問題,除了珍稀古書與絕版品的毀損消失、文化保存的疑慮,訓練AI的著作律法或須考量未來向度,探討潛在的使用問題。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
出版界將針對AI訓練資料來源發起更多法律審查。
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