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Back特朗普驳斥AI监管呼吁,称唯一所需护栏是强大聪明的总统
特朗普驳斥AI监管呼吁,称唯一所需护栏是强大聪明的总统
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纽约时报中文网1 hour agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

特朗普驳斥AI监管呼吁,称唯一所需护栏是强大聪明的总统

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特朗普总统在社交媒体上拒绝AI行业高管提出的新限制呼吁,称唯一所需的护栏是一位强大且聪明的总统,将安全担忧斥为骗局并暗示这会让中国占优。他未直接回应失业、生物武器等风险,而是质疑高管动机。副总统万斯和众议长约翰逊虽警告中国威胁但主张谨慎监管,而民主党领袖则呼吁立法。白宫未置评,特朗普个人对技术了解肤浅。

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Why It Matters

特朗普此前曾与Anthropic发生冲突,因该公司拒绝让五角大楼不受限制访问其AI系统而被特朗普列为安全风险,后被法院裁定非法。近期多位AI领袖如哈萨比斯、马斯克、奥特曼均呼吁放缓AI发展,而特朗普则一贯将技术风险称为骗局,并强调总统本身即是所需护栏。

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特朗普总统周一拒绝了主要人工智能高管提出的对该技术实施新限制的呼吁,他在社交媒体上写道,该行业已经拥有了唯一所需的护栏:“一位强大且聪明(高智商!)的总统。”

他将安全担忧斥为“骗局”,认为这会让中国在这项技术的开发方面占据上风。他争辩说,“那些说人工智能将毁灭世界的人”与警告气候变化的人是同一批人——他同样坚称气候变化也是个骗局。

通过这些帖子,特朗普介入了关于如何治理这项快速发展技术日益激烈的全国性辩论。研究人员和行业领袖警告说,人工智能可能会带来大规模失业、引发新一波生物武器威胁和自主战争。总统没有直接回应这些风险,而是质疑那些一直呼吁放缓该技术发展的高管们的诚意。

“人工智能需要的唯一控制或‘护栏’是一位强大且聪明(高智商!)的总统,而美国拥有这样一位总统,毫无疑问!”特朗普周一早上发帖称。“特朗普政府已经阻止了人工智能‘人士’做坏事,或者可能的坏‘事’,比如达里奥(Anthropic公司!),他现在正假装成一个‘完美的小天使’——我们还要继续这么做!

“我们对这些公司已经拥有了巨大的刑事和监管权力!”他还写道。

目前尚不清楚特朗普指的是什么权力,也不清楚他认为其政府已经阻止了哪些行动。美国确实有法律来起诉蓄意黑客攻击其他系统的行为,但是旨在打击人类黑客的法律是否能够涵盖失控的人工智能智能体侵入网络的行为目前尚不明确。

同样,随着这些公司上市,它们将受到美国针对上市公司制定的监管法规约束。但总的来说,该行业受到的现有监管非常少。

白宫没有回应对此置评的请求。

据特朗普身边的人士透露,他本人对这项技术的了解很肤浅。他在使用技术方面极度滞后:他直到2022年才开始发短信,他的工作人员还会将社交媒体帖子打印出来供他阅读。

总统发表上述声明之前,Anthropic首席执行官达里奥·阿莫迪在周末发表了一篇文章,呼吁全球放缓人工智能的发展。几天前,Anthropic的一名研究人员辞职,并公开表达了他对该技术安全性的担忧。

特朗普政府以前曾与Anthropic发生过冲突。今年早些时候,该公司拒绝在没有其所希望的保护措施的情况下,让五角大楼不受限制地访问其人工智能系统。特朗普随后命令联邦政府停止使用Anthropic的人工智能技术,并将该公司列为安全风险,后来一名联邦法官裁定这一认定是非法的。

近日来,其他人工智能领域的主管也表达了他们自己的担忧。谷歌DeepMind董事长杰米斯·哈萨比斯、SpaceX的埃隆·马斯克以及OpenAI的萨姆·奥特曼都支持放慢发展步伐的呼吁。

副总统J·D·万斯重申了总统关于中国可能超越美国的警告,也附和了特朗普对人工智能公司高管呼吁自我监管的怀疑态度。但他也将人工智能的某些用途描述为“极其邪恶”, 并对这项技术带来的风险表达了更为直率的担忧。

“这是我们关注的问题,但我们想确保我们能够明智地进行监管,”周一早上,万斯在启程前往堪萨斯城参加一场活动前告诉记者。“人工智能显然存在风险;人工智能也带来了好处。我不得不说,就我个人而言,看到有这么多前沿的人工智能科技公司跟政府交谈、恳求政府对它们进行监管这件事,我感觉有点奇怪。这让我觉得有点像特洛伊木马,所以我认为我们在这一点上必须小心。”

“任何技术都有风险,”他还说,他后来又说,“我认为总统想表达的是,我们要明智地确保我们能够掌控这些风险。”他说,最好的办法是“国会和政府之间达成共识”。

众议院议长迈克·约翰逊赞同特朗普关于中国可能超越美国的警告,但他对国会采取行动持更开放的态度。上周末,他敦促在监管方面采取谨慎态度,并表示领先的人工智能公司的高管应参与有关联邦框架的谈判。周一,他在国会大厦对记者表示,他希望最快在下周末召开这样一次会议,尽管他不愿承诺具体日期。“会很快的,”他说。

尽管约翰逊称人工智能监管是国会的重要优先事项,但立法者们却鲜有作为。在他的领导下,众议院在全面的减税和国内政策法案中通过了一项条款,该条款将阻止各州制定自己的人工智能规则。这招致了两党的反对,参议院随后将其删除。

这项被特朗普称为“大而美法案”的立法还扩大了针对研究成本、新投资和农村发展项目的重大税收减免。这些条款有利于那些希望建设新数据中心、投资芯片制造设施和增加电力供应的人工智能企业。

周一,民主党人拒绝了特朗普在人工智能问题上的立场。纽约州民主党参议员、少数党领袖查克·舒默呼吁国会就此问题通过立法,并在参议院发言时说:“即使我们现在有一位高智商的总统——当然我们并没有——那也是不够的。”众议院民主党领袖、众议员哈基姆·杰弗里斯表示,立法者不应在未通过人工智能监管法规的情况下离开华盛顿休会。

即使与人工智能高管的会晤得以举行,众议院也几乎没有时间在中期选举前采取行动。约翰逊已经取消了定于本月晚些时候举行的投票,议员们本周将离开华盛顿,直到11月才会回来。

在2024年竞选期间OpenAI的高管在拉斯维加斯向特朗普进行演示之前,他对人工智能几乎一无所知。据《纽约时报》记者玛吉·哈伯曼和乔纳森·斯旺所著的《政权更迭》(Regime Change)一书,特朗普对ChatGPT的功能感到震惊,他告诉高管们,这个聊天机器人即时写诗的能力“很美”。随后,在同一次会议上,他又转而询问这项技术的工作原理,以及总统可以如何清除监管障碍,从而推动该行业发展。

自重返白宫以来,他与敦促政府消除阻碍该行业增长障碍的人工智能加速主义者站在了一起。他特别受到了芯片制造商英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋和硅谷投资者大卫·萨克斯的影响,后者对本届政府的人工智能政策产生了很大影响。两人都认为,对美国公司设置新的护栏会让中国在这场竞赛中“获胜”。

似乎是为了戏剧化地展示他与人工智能布道者们的结盟,特朗普周一给黄仁勋打去了电话,当时后者正在洛杉矶的一个科技会议的舞台上。这位经常与英伟达总裁交谈的总统宣布,对人工智能安全的担忧被夸大了。“这是一场骗局,” 总统在黄仁勋打开免提、把麦克风放在手机旁以便观众和镜头都能听清后说道。“机器人不会接管世界。”

特朗普周一晚些时候再次谈到人工智能话题,彻底否认相关风险。“人工智能接管世界、毁灭人类以及所有其他坏事都是骗局,”他写道,并将其与俄罗斯调查和他的两次弹劾相提并论。他质疑那些呼吁加强监管的高管的动机:“在商业史上,什么时候有人见过一个行业的领袖呼吁实施如果得到强有力执行,将把他们推向灭亡和破产境地的监管?”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 国会将在未来几周内就AI监管框架举行听证会或非正式会议

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 特朗普将继续通过社交媒体淡化AI风险,并将其与过去的政治争议(如俄罗斯调查、弹劾)进行类比

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 特朗普所指的'巨大的刑事和监管权力'具体指哪些法律或行动?
  • 白宫为何未就特朗普的言论发表官方回应?
  • 国会与AI企业的监管谈判是否会在中期选举前实现?
  • 特朗普对技术的肤浅了解是否会影响其政策判断?

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This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

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